دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 10204
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله

پذیرش GAAP ایالات متحده توسط شرکت های فرانسوی قبل از ایجاد کمیته استانداردهای حسابداری بین المللی: توضیح سازمانی

عنوان انگلیسی
The adoption of US GAAP by French firms before the creation of the International Accounting Standard Committee: an institutional explanation
کد مقاله سال انتشار تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی
10204 2005 23 صفحه PDF
منبع

Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)

Journal : Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Volume 16, Issue 6, August 2005, Pages 851–873

ترجمه کلمات کلیدی
حسابداری -      حسابرسی -      سهامدار -
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی
Accounting, Auditing, Shareholder,
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله  پذیرش GAAP ایالات متحده توسط شرکت های فرانسوی قبل از ایجاد کمیته استانداردهای حسابداری بین المللی: توضیح سازمانی

چکیده انگلیسی

This article is about the emergence of consolidated financial statements in France at the beginning of the 1970s. French firms were already using US GAAP and not the recommendations of French standard-setters as they used to do. The article has two aims: to document the choice of American Generally Accepted Accounting Practices by French firms before 1973 and to use institutional theory in order to explain why US GAAP was adopted. The cases studied are those of Saint-Gobain (adopted GAAP in 1970), Pechiney (adopted GAAP in 1972) and Rhône-Poulenc (adopted GAAP in 1973) using archival materials, annual reports and internal documentation. We also provide a financial statement analysis. Most studies about accounting choice have been conducted under the agency theory. More recently, alternative theories like the new institutionalism in organizational theory have also been used by researchers. We feel it could be productive to explain the phenomena in the lens of institutional theory. We document the decisive role of auditors such as Price Waterhouse in the emergence of accounting practices. We also insist on the use of accounting in the transformation of corporations into conglomerates. In conclusion, our data show that the use of internationally accepted standards is not an innovation, simply an imitation. Furthermore, our cases suggest that the mimesis theory of Rene Girard subsumes institutional theory.

مقدمه انگلیسی

This article seeks to do two things. First, the objective of the study is to explain the decision to adopt accounting standards accepted on the international scene before the creation of the International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC). In France, only statutory accounts were subject to regulation in the 1970s. National standard-setters provided a recommendation for established consolidated accounts in 1968 but these were not compulsory. The biggest companies, which already produced consolidated financial statements at the end of the 1960s, followed the French recommendations. Consolidation refers to the financial statements of the entity considered as a group (parent company and affiliates or subsidiaries). Statutory accounts refer to the corporate entity as defined by Law. Some firms, however, began to use American GAAP as early as 1970. Our first question is therefore: Why do French firms use US GAAP and not the recommendations of French standard-setters as they used to do? Secondly, this article leans on the neo-institutional theory of organizations. Usually, agency theory is the common explanation given by researchers ( Watts, 1977 and Watts and Zimmerman, 1986). We argue that institutional theory provides an alternative understanding of the adoption of internationally accepted standards. In the 1970s US GAAP were the internationally accepted standards. Indeed, institutional theory can effectively explain the emergence of different accounting forms ( Carpenter and Feroz, 1992, Covalesky and Dirsmith, 1988, Fogarty, 1992, Mezias, 1990 and Mezias, 1995). These studies cover the entire domain of accounting: the companies accounting policies, the structuring of professional organizations, and standards setters agendas and due processes. Our second research question is: What are the relative roles of coercion, normative isomorphism and mimesis in adoption? In the first section, explanatory proposals of adoption deviating from institutional theory are described. It deals with loose coupling, coercion, transmission of norms and imitation. The second part of the paper consists of three cases studies. These cases clarify the relative role of the three types of isomorphism from institutional theory. In the first part of this paper, we use the neo-institutional theory of organizations to develop the explanations of the adoption of internationally accepted accounting standards. We document the symbolic use of GAAP and analyze isomorphism.

نتیجه گیری انگلیسی

All the decisions are taken from a context impacted by two elements. The external context is influenced by the internationalization of the Chemical sector and the internal context is marked by deep reorganizations of companies. But these elements are not determinants of adoption because they appear to us endogenous with the adoption of accounting standards. Adoptions have been made with the help of the Anglo-Saxon firms of auditors. Normative isomorphism plays a determinant role. Also, imitation contributes to the explanation of adoption. Institutional theory allows us to explain in part the behavior of companies toward international accounting standards. Need of capital may also have played a role. But this is not coercive isomorphism. It opens ways of promising searches in the domain. The first way is to multiply the case studies of adoptions by confronting alternative theories to enlighten the mechanism of the adoption. It is the way that we chose today. A second way is to study, with a diachronic approach, the institutionalization of internationally accepted GAAP in France by showing that it corresponds to the emergence of a new field.