دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 145837
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله

تنوع قومی مرتبه دوم: الگوی فضایی تنوع، رقابت و همکاری در آفریقا

عنوان انگلیسی
Second-order ethnic diversity: The spatial pattern of diversity, competition and cooperation in Africa
کد مقاله سال انتشار تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی
145837 2017 14 صفحه PDF
منبع

Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)

Journal : Political Geography, Volume 59, July 2017, Pages 103-116

ترجمه کلمات کلیدی
تنوع قومی تجزیه فرانسوی زبانشناختی، همکاری، رقابت، سرمایه اجتماعی، آفریقا،
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی
Ethnic diversity; Ethno-linguistic fractionalization; Cooperation; Competition; Social capital; Africa;
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله  تنوع قومی مرتبه دوم: الگوی فضایی تنوع، رقابت و همکاری در آفریقا

چکیده انگلیسی

Ethnic diversity has been linked to important social outcomes such as economic underperformance and civil war, yet its study is still hampered by conceptual difficulties and imprecise measurement. In this paper, a modified understanding of ethnic diversity is developed. Ethnic diversity is disaggregated into two components—first- and second-order ethnic diversity—which have opposing consequences for collective outcomes. While first-order ethnic diversity—the diversity of a local community—is theorized to undermine cooperation, second-order ethnic diversity—the ethnic diversity of the hinterland of a community—is theorized to induce ethnic competition, thereby reinforcing cooperation. Relating data from over 100,000 individuals interviewed at 2,942 locations in 33 African countries to novel sub-national indicators of first- and second-order ethno-linguistic diversity, the theory is tested and its basic tenets confirmed. In a next step, I show that it is indeed ethnic competition that accounts for the positive association between second-order diversity and increased cooperation: second-order ethnic diversity is a much better predictor of cooperation in regions where contemporary or historical factors have exacerbated interethnic tensions. The paper sheds new light on the debate on the consequences of ethnic diversity for cooperation and contributes to our understanding of the origins of the global ‘geography of social capital’.