دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 27737
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله

صرفه جویی در مصرف، سرمایه گذاری و تحرک سرمایه بین المللی در شرق آسیا

عنوان انگلیسی
Saving, investment and international capital mobility in East Asia
کد مقاله سال انتشار تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی
27737 2007 13 صفحه PDF
منبع

Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)

Journal : Japan and the World Economy, Volume 19, Issue 2, March 2007, Pages 279–291

ترجمه کلمات کلیدی
- ارتباط صرفه جویی در سرمایه گذاری - تحرک سرمایه - شرق آسیا - چرخه های کسب و کار
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی
Saving–investment correlation,Capital mobility,East Asia,Business cycles
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله  صرفه جویی در مصرف، سرمایه گذاری و تحرک سرمایه بین المللی در شرق آسیا

چکیده انگلیسی

This paper estimates the degree of international capital mobility in East Asia using the saving–investment correlation originated in Feldstein and Horioka [Feldstein, M., Horioka, C., 1980. Domestic saving and international capital flows. Economic Journal 90, 314–329]. We apply the empirical method used in Kim [Kim, S.H., 2001. The saving–investment correlation puzzle is still a puzzle. Journal of International Money and Finance 20, 1017–1034] to control for cyclical effects in estimating a time-series saving–investment correlation of 10 Asian countries from 1980 to 2002. Our conclusion is that the saving–investment correlation in East Asia steadily decreases over time but is still higher than that of the OECD countries over all studied periods. These results are consistent with the fact that capital mobility in East Asia is lower than that in the OECD countries. In addition, regional saving and investment data demonstrate that investment in East Asia is largely financed by regional savings.

مقدمه انگلیسی

During the 1990s, a number of East and Southeast Asian countries liberalized their financial markets to foreign capital by reducing restrictions on inward and outward capital flows. As a result, net private capital inflows to this region in the mid-1990s were conspicuous in the postwar period in terms of the size of the flow to emerging markets. This paper attempts to measure the degree of international capital mobility in East Asia using a saving–investment correlation (S–I correlation hereafter). Since the seminal paper by Feldstein and Horioka (1980, denoted by FH hereafter), numerous economists have attempted to quantify the degree of international capital mobility using both a cross-sectional and a time-series S–I correlation. Under perfect capital mobility, national saving and national investment should not be correlated as domestic agents search for worldwide investment and saving opportunities regardless of the nationality of capital. Therefore, a high correlation between national saving and investment would imply a low degree of capital mobility. However, since many factors other than capital mobility can simultaneously affect saving and investment, it is difficult to interpret the S–I correlation as a correct measure for the degree of capital mobility.1 This paper adopts the empirical method in Kim (2001) to estimate the time-series S–I correlation after controlling for business cycle shocks, to provide an accurate measure of capital mobility. We remove the cyclical effects from saving and investment data by using the residuals from the regressions of saving and investment on cyclical shocks including productivity shock, fiscal shock and the terms of trade (TOT) shock. In this paper, we test whether this newly estimated S–I correlation correctly reflects the liberalization of capital markets in East Asia. In particular, we compare the S–I correlation in East Asia with that of the OECD countries to examine the differences in the degree of capital mobility.2 We also investigate whether country differences such as the size of the GDP and the non-traded sector have any systematic relationship with S–I correlation. Finally, we use regional saving and investment data to investigate how much of the investment in East Asia is financed by regional savings. The data used originates from panel data of saving and investment from 10 East Asian countries between 1980 and 2002. For panel data regression, we use the GLS estimation of the SUR system to control for cross-country heteroscedasticity and cross-country correlation in the error term. The estimation results illustrate that the cross-sectional S–I correlation steadily decreases over time (0.76 in the early 1980s to 0.53 in the late 1990s) but remains high in absolute terms. This result follows previous papers, including the original FH study. Panel data regression shows that the time-series S–I correlation in East Asia is approximately 0.88 and slightly decreases after controlling for cyclical shocks. These estimates are higher than those of OECD countries (0.70 before controlling cyclical shocks), which is consistent with the fact that capital mobility in East Asia is lower than that among the OECD countries. Country differences do not significantly impact the S–I correlation. Finally, aggregate regional data of saving and investment show that investment in East Asia is largely financed by regional savings. The following is a layout of what follows in this paper. In Section 2, we provide an overview of prior empirical studies on the S–I correlation. Section 3 explains the empirical methodology that we adopt in this paper. Section 4 reports the main statistical properties of the saving and investment data and estimation results including cross-sectional and time-series panel regressions. Finally, Section 5 offers our conclusion.

نتیجه گیری انگلیسی

In this paper, we have explored the S–I correlation of East Asian countries in relation to international capital mobility. Generally, the direction of changes in the S–I correlation over time is consistent with the changes in the degree of capital mobility; the S–I correlation decreases as capital mobility increases over time. Additionally, the S–I correlation in East Asia is always less than that in the OECD countries in all periods. This is consistent with the fact that capital mobility in East Asia is lower than that among the OECD countries. On the other hand, even after controlling cyclical shocks, the S–I correlation remains positive, which may imply that the absolute degree of capital mobility is still low. Despite these findings, it is difficult to directly infer the degree of capital mobility of individual countries because the S–I correlation varies greatly across countries in a country-specific analysis. This cross-country distinction may reflect either the presence of other country-specific factors that are not considered in this paper or the small sample size. For example, if a government maintains a current account targeting policy, then the current account would not fluctuate to the optimal level and in turn, saving and investment would be highly correlated even in the presence of perfect capital mobility. Therefore, the S–I correlation may provide indirect evidence of a government's stance on the current account policy, whether governments target the current account balance as their policy goal or simply allow for the current account as a residual of economic activity.