دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 2993
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله

فرصت طلبی عرضه کننده مرکزی در مدیریت رده خرده فروشی سوپر مارکت

عنوان انگلیسی
Focal supplier opportunism in supermarket retailer category management
کد مقاله سال انتشار تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی
2993 2007 16 صفحه PDF
منبع

Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)

Journal : Journal of Operations Management, Volume 25, Issue 2, March 2007, Pages 512–527

ترجمه کلمات کلیدی
- مدیریت رده - مدیریت زنجیره تامین - ارتباط با تأمین کنندگان - خرده فروش - خرده فروشی مواد غذایی - فرصت طلبی - نظریه نمایندگی - تجزیه و تحلیل هزینه تراکنش - تئوری شبکه -
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی
Category management,Supply chain management,Retailer–supplier relationships,Grocery retailing, Opportunism,Agency theory,Transaction cost analysis,Network theory,
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله  فرصت طلبی عرضه کننده مرکزی در مدیریت رده خرده فروشی سوپر مارکت

چکیده انگلیسی

Common prescriptions for improving the performance of supermarket retailers center on using key suppliers as “category captains” and leveraging their resources and capabilities to implement effective category management that will both reduce retailer costs and provide a basis for differentiation. However, despite these widespread prescriptions, the potential for supplier opportunism means that supermarket retailers are either skeptical or have failed to make such category management relationships with key suppliers work. Drawing on agency, transaction costs, and network theory, we synthesize insights from qualitative fieldwork with retailer and supplier managers and primary data from 73 category managers in U.K. supermarket retailers to empirically examine antecedents and consequences of category-level focal supplier opportunism. Our findings suggest that focal supplier opportunism decreases retailer category performance and increases militant behaviors among non-focal suppliers in the category supply chain. Consistent with retailer fears, we find that focal suppliers with significant influence in retailers’ category management efforts are more likely to engage in opportunistic behavior. However, our results also reveal that retailer fears that being dependent on a focal supplier will lead to greater supplier opportunism are largely unfounded, while supplier dependence on the retailer is also unrelated to focal supplier opportunism. Finally, we find that retailers’ ability to monitor – but not to punish – its focal suppliers is negatively related to opportunistic behavior among focal suppliers.

مقدمه انگلیسی

Grocery retailing is a challenging industry characterized by consolidation, globalization, and the rapid expansion of mass merchandisers (e.g., Smith, 2004 and Whipple et al., 1999). In the face of such trends, grocery retailers have increasingly focused on better managing their supply chains (e.g., Boyer and Hult, 2005 and Corsten and Kumar, 2005), and in particular on leveraging suppliers’ resources and capabilities via category management (e.g., Gruen and Shah, 2000 and Economist, 1997). Category management involves treating sets of complementary and/or competing brands as strategic business units and allocating resources within these categories to maximize planned outcomes (e.g., Blattberg and Fox, 1995 and Dhar et al., 2001). One or more suppliers to a category often have greater resources (e.g., consumer insight, marketing budgets, etc.) and stronger capabilities (e.g., brand management, marketing planning, etc.) required for effective category management than the retailer. To leverage these resources and capabilities, retailers may involve suppliers in the analysis of category-level data, category goal setting, and the formulation and execution of category-level plans (Basuroy et al., 2001 and Dussart, 1998). Analysts suggest that retailers can significantly enhance category performance by allowing a key supplier to assume the role of “category captain” where the focal supplier undertakes or has significant input into the retailer's category management efforts (e.g., Blattberg and Fox, 1995 and Freedman et al., 1997). However, despite this widespread prescription, many retailers are either unconvinced or have failed to make such focal supplier category management relationships work (e.g., Brandweek, 1999, Stank et al., 1999 and Supermarket Business, 1999). The literature offers surprisingly little insights into this important issue. There have been few empirical studies of supplier involvement in category management (Dhar et al., 2001 and Gruen and Shah, 2000), and organizational theories offer a vast array of different viewpoints on potentially important factors in understanding retailer–supplier category management relationships. Yet, with grocery retailing being the largest component of global retail sales that now exceed $8000 billion, and analyst estimates that successful retailer–supplier category management collaborations can produce up to 2% of sales in cost savings, and 11% increases in sales, this is clearly an important issue. This paper addresses this important gap in knowledge. In addition to offering new empirical insights for retailer and supplier managers, our research contributes to knowledge in three areas. First, using qualitative fieldwork we demonstrate that many of the assumptions underpinning organizational theories that may be viewed as relevant to understanding buyer–supplier relationships do not hold in the context of grocery retailer category management. We therefore synthesize insights from our fieldwork with four different organizational theories (agency, transaction cost, network, and relational exchange theory) to identify supplier opportunism as a key construct in understanding retailer–supplier category management relationships, and to develop a model of important antecedents and consequences of category-level focal supplier opportunism. Importantly, this suggests that problem — rather than paradigm-centered approaches may be required to study organizational issues in supply chain management. Second, we test our model in a sample of U.K. supermarket retailers with data from 73 category managers representing seven grocery retailers across a representative set of 35 different product categories to provide new empirical insights into focal supplier opportunism and its direct and indirect impact on retailers’ category-level performance. Our results suggest that retailers are right to be wary of prescriptions to engage in category management relationships with focal suppliers — and that monitoring and the ability to punish opportunistic behavior do not necessarily act as effective safeguards. This has important implications for many supply chain management programs such as VMI and CPFR that rely on relational exchange precepts. Third, our findings illuminate the supply chain management situation where a buyer's relationship with a focal supplier allows that supplier to directly influence the buyer's relationships with competing suppliers who continue to supply products to the buyer. We find that in such situations, opportunistic behavior by a focal supplier provokes responses from other suppliers as well as having a direct negative impact on the retailer's performance. Since similar buyer–supplier dynamics occur in many other retail sectors, as well as in other industries such as electronics and automotive, our findings offer important new insights into supply chain management in the theoretically important and empirically largely ignored context of networks of suppliers that simultaneously sell competing products to a single buyer.

نتیجه گیری انگلیسی

While supermarket retailers have been urged to use category management relationships to leverage focal supplier resources and capabilities, many have been reluctant to do so because of fears of focal supplier opportunism. Our study represents the first empirical examination of this important issue and shows that retailer fears of allowing focal suppliers greater influence over their category management efforts are well founded. In addition, we find that while focal supplier opportunism negatively affects non-focal supplier behaviors and retailer category performance, retailers can limit such opportunistic behavior by investing in their supplier monitoring capabilities. Our research suggests that at least three organization theories: agency theory; TCA theory; and, network theory, have the potential to provide important new insights in understanding relational exchange theory-based supply chain management approaches such as ECR, CPFR, and VMI and their impact on business performance.