دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 5734
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله

بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات با روش رمزگشایی کوکتل برای مشکلات برنامه ریزی جریان ترکیبی فروشگاه با وظایف چند پردازنده

عنوان انگلیسی
Particle swarm optimization with cocktail decoding method for hybrid flow shop scheduling problems with multiprocessor tasks
کد مقاله سال انتشار تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی
5734 2013 9 صفحه PDF
منبع

Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)

Journal : International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 141, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 137–145

ترجمه کلمات کلیدی
کار چند پردازنده - جریان ترکیبی فروشگاه - بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات - کران پایین
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله  بهینه سازی ازدحام ذرات با روش رمزگشایی کوکتل برای مشکلات برنامه ریزی جریان ترکیبی فروشگاه با وظایف چند پردازنده

چکیده انگلیسی

This paper addresses the problem of multiprocessor task-scheduling in a hybrid flow shop (HFS) problem to minimize the makespan. Due to the complex nature of an HFS problem, it is decomposed into the following two sequential decision problems: determining the job permutation in stage 1, followed by a decoding method to assign jobs into each machine in subsequent stages when designing a heuristic algorithm. The decoding method plays a pivotal role for improving the solution quality of any algorithm for the HFS problem. However, the majority of existing algorithms ignores the problem and is only concerned with the first decision problem. This study emphasizes the importance of the decoding method via a small test, and searches for a number of solid decoding methods that can be incorporated into the cocktail decoding method. Then, this study develops a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm that can be combined with the cocktail decoding method. In the PSO, a variety of job sequences are generated using the PSO procedure in stage 1, and the cocktail decoding method is used to assign the jobs to machines in sequential stages. Moreover, a modified lower bound is introduced. Computational results show that the proposed lower bound is competitive, and with the help of the cocktail decoding method, the proposed PSO, and even the adoption of a standard PSO framework, significantly outperforms the majority of existing algorithms in terms of quality of solutions, especially for large problems.

مقدمه انگلیسی

Hybrid flow shop (HFS) problems have recently attracted considerable attention from researchers. HFS is an extension model of the flow shop system that relaxes the assumption of the one-stage-one-machine pattern based on the entire issue that machines operate in parallel in at least one stage to prevent the whole system from being blocked (e.g., a breakdown) by a single machine in many industrial environments. Thus, the HFS problem has two basic characteristics as follows: (1) a set of n jobs is sequentially processed in a series of m stages; and (2) at least one of the stages has mi machines in parallel. Rao (1970) conducted the early work on HFS scheduling, and variants of HFS problems with different constraints and criteria have been studied by many researchers since then. Gupta (1988) considered the two-stage special case with a single machine in the first stage and two identical machines in the second stage, and showed that the case was NP-hard. Brah and Hunsucker (1991) proposed a branch and bound (B&B) algorithm to minimize the makespan for HFS problems. Portmann et al. (1998) applied a genetic algorithm (GA) within a B&B algorithm to further improve the performance of the B&B algorithm. With the computational complexity of HFS problems, a number of heuristics and metaheuristic algorithms have also been developed to obtain good enough solutions in a short time for medium-to-large problems ( Haouari and M'Hallah, 1997, Brah and Loo, 1999, Lin and Liao, 2003, Jin et al., 2006, Janiak et al., 2007 and Alaykiran et al., 2007). The studies mentioned above focused on the model of the one-job-one-machine pattern, in which each job is processed on only one machine at a given time. Ruiz and Vazquez-Rodriguez (2010) conducted a comprehensive survey of relevant research on HFS problems from 1970 to 2009, clearly revealing that among the majority of HFS problems that were concerned with the one-job-one-machine model, only a few studies discussed multiprocessor tasks where each job is processed on a number of identical machines simultaneously at each stage. This study focuses on multiprocessor task-scheduling in a HFS system. The problem can be encountered in a number of industrial environments, such as berth allocation of container terminals, real-time machine-vision systems, and work force management. In the considered problem, a given set of n jobs, each with k tasks, is processed sequentially from stage 1 to stage k. Each stage consists of Pmi (i=1,…,k) identical parallel machines. Each job j is characterized by pij and sizeij, indicating that the tasks of job j are processed by sizeij parallel machines simultaneously for pij time period without interruption at stage i. Any machine can only process one task at a time. All jobs and machines are available at time zero, setup times are negligible, and preemption is not allowed. The problem aims to minimize the maximum completion time of all jobs, i.e., the makespan. Using the standard three-field notation, the problem can be described as follows: Fk(Pm1,…,Pmk)|sizeij|CmaxFk(Pm1,…,Pmk)|sizeij|Cmax. In literature, several heuristic algorithms have been developed to solve multiprocessor task HFS problems. Oguz and Ercan (1997) and Oğuz et al. (2003) examined the multiprocessor task in a two-stage HFS problem motivated by a computer vision system. The two studies presented different constructive heuristic algorithms based on several dispatching rules wherein Oğuz and Ercan assumed a unit-processing time for all jobs. Ying and Lin (2009) developed the first simple constructive heuristic algorithm with a computational complexity of O(n2) to solve a general Fk(Pm1,…,Pmk)|sizeij|CmaxFk(Pm1,…,Pmk)|sizeij|Cmax problem. Kahraman et al. (2010) developed a parallel greedy algorithm, which is an effective stochastic local search algorithm that is easy to implement and has great potential to provide good solutions, for the HFS problem with multiprocessor tasks. Their results are competitive compared with the results of Oğuz and Ercan (2005). Lahimer et al. (2011) developed the climbing depth-bounded adjacent discrepancy search (CDADS) based on a limited discrepancy search, which was effective for both small and large problems. Recently, metaheuristic algorithms have been developed for multiprocessor task-scheduling in an HFS system, including simulated annealing (SA) by Wang et al. (2011), tabu search (TS) by Oğuz et al. (2004), GA (Sivrikaya-Serifoglu and Ulusoy, 2004 and Oğuz and Ercan, 2005) particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm by Tseng and Liao (2008), and ant colony optimization (ACO) by Ying and Lin (2006). These studies decomposed the problem into two decision problems, namely, the determination of job permutation in stage 1 and the assignment of jobs to each machine in the subsequent stages. For two sub-problems, the metaheuristic algorithms mentioned above usually follow a two-phase structure in which different permutations of the jobs are generated in the first phase, and then a decoding method is used to assign the jobs to machines for the remaining stages according to the first come, first served (FCFS) manner (i.e., list scheduling). Despite the relative popularity of list scheduling for HFS problems, it still has a significant drawback. Suppose the case of the processor requirement sizeij of the selected job with an earlier completion time at the previous stage exceeds the number of available machines, and thus, the job must be postponed for processing to satisfy the processor requirement constraint. Consequently, unnecessary idle times in the machines at the current stage occur and longer makespan is obtained. In addition, Liao et al. (2006) proposed a non-permutation procedure incorporated in the GA and TS algorithms and showed that the non-permutation schedule could be superior to the permutation schedule in a traditional flow shop, especially for due-date based criteria, through a comprehensive computational experiment. Therefore, the optimal solution may not be able to produce if only the list schedule (LS) is used for subsequent stages when the permutations of jobs are exhausted for stage 1. For this drawback, Jouglet et al. (2009) proposed a new memetic algorithm (MA), in which the permutation of jobs is generated by a GA operator, and then a constraint programming (CP)-based B&B algorithm is used to schedule the unscheduled jobs in the remaining stages and obtain an optimal/feasible solution for each given permutation of jobs. Wang et al. (2011) developed a first-fit method to reduce the idle time caused by the LS and combined it with SA for the HFS problem with multiprocessor tasks. The common features of most existing metaheuristic algorithms for solving multiprocessor task scheduling in an HFS environment are based on the two-phase structure, in which the permutation of jobs is stochastically generated at stage 1, and then only a decoding method, namely, the LS method, is used to assign the jobs to the machines for sequel stages. A combined method with a variety of decoding methods is not frequently found in the HFS problem with multiprocessor tasks. As a result, this paper intends to develop a cocktail decoding method that can be combined with several popular priority rules in literature, and embedded in a standard PSO to solve the HFS problem with multiprocessor tasks. Moreover, a modified lower bound is also proposed based on existing lower bounds in the literature to obtain a tighter lower bound. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. A number of relevant simple priority rules are first reviewed to identify important issues in the rules to be investigated, and then a cocktail decoding method is proposed. Section 3 discussed the methodology of the PSO algorithm. The cocktail decoding method is embedded in the PSO to evaluate the fitness value for each particle. Section 4 discusses various lower bound formulations. Section 5 evaluates the proposed lower bound and PSO algorithm using a computational experiment. Finally, concluding remarks and directions for future research are summarized in Section 6.

نتیجه گیری انگلیسی

This paper addressed the HFS with multiprocessor tasks. The HFS problem is of considerable practical interest because it can be found in various applications, such as berth allocation of container terminal, real-time machine-vision systems, and work-force management. Furthermore, the HFS problem has drawn increasing attention from researchers because of its complex nature. Since the HFS problem is NP-hard, it is divided into the following 2 decision problems when designing a solution approach: (1). the determination of the initial permutation of jobs in stage 1, and (2). the search for better decoding methods to generate a job schedule for the remaining stages. In this study, different priority rules based on the DELAY concept were used as decoding methods for small problems. The results show that the 2 decision problems affect the solution quality. Moreover, the results reveal that applying more than one decoding method is a better strategy for the considered problem. According to these observations, the PSO algorithm with the cocktail decoding method was developed, in which a number priority rules with better performances and earlier decoding methods, such as LS, PS, FF, FF1, and FF2, were integrated into the cocktail decoding method, whereas the permutations of jobs were generated by PSO, instead of the complete enumeration method. The PSO with the cocktail decoding method was examined and compared with recent well-know algorithms (CDADS, GA, CP, MA, GA_SU, PSOTL and SA) on 2 benchmark test problems. Results show that the proposed PSO could yield better performance than the existing algorithms, especially for large problems. The improvement was attributed to the help of 10 different decoding methods as schedule generation devices and to the features of the PSO process itself. Furthermore, a modified lower bound was addressed in this study to obtain more effective lower bound values. Many interesting directions for future research present themselves. Obvious extensions to this problem include the consideration of other performance measures, such as the number of tardy jobs, total tardiness–earliness costs, and total weighted tardiness, which are issues that not yet be investigated.