Marginality and social exclusion in Punjab, Pakistan: A threat to urban sustainability
آشنایی با موضوع
اصطلاحِ طرد اجتماعی (یا واپسزدگی)، در معنایی که امروزه از آن میشناسیم، نخستین بار در دهۀ 1970 در فرانسه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. طرد اجتماعی در عین اینکه وضعیتی ایستا از محرومیت بهشمارمیآید، فرایندِ پدیدآورندۀ این محرومیت نیز تلقی میشود. این مفهوم، ارتباط تنگاتنگی با مفهومِ فقرِ چندوجهی دارد، اما با آن همپوشانی ندارد. هر دو مفهوم، برگرفته از دیدگاهِ آمارتیا سِن موسوم به ناکامیِ قابلیتی هستند، با این تفاوت که در رویکردِ طرد اجتماعی، این ناکامی به معنی ناتوانی در مشارکت و یا ناتوانیِ عملکردی است. تقریباً در همۀ تعاریفِ طرد اجتماعی، متغیرهایی مانندِ مسکن، بهداشت و سلامت، و آموزش را میتوان ملاحظه کرد و مسائل و مفاهیمی همچون مشکلات مالی، نیازهای اساسی، تماسهای اجتماعی و ناخشنودیِ اجتماعی نیز در برخی تعاریفِ آن به چشم میخورند. از حیثِ مقولۀ زمان، یکی از ویژگیهای طرد اجتماعی، طولی بودنِ آن است. به عبارت دیگر، مدت زمانِ محرومیت، مؤلفهای مهم در تعریف طرد اجتماعی (و نیز شکل گیریِ طرد) است. علاوه بر این، طرد اجتماعیِ یک جامعه را میتوان حاصلِ انباشتگیِ طرد اجتماعیِ افرادِ آن جامعه دانست.
در این صفحه، تعداد 104 مقاله انگلیسی از ژورنال ها و مجلات معتبر پایگاه ساینس دایرکت (ScienceDirect) درباره موضوع طرد اجتماعی آرشیو شده است که شما می توانید این لیست را بر اساس «سال انتشار مقاله»، «مقالات ترجمه شده یا ترجمه نشده»، «تعداد صفحات» و همچنین «کد مقاله» مرتب نموده و مقالات مورد نظر خود را دانلود فرمایید.
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در صورتی که مقاله لاتین مورد نظر شما تا کنون به زبان فارسی ترجمه نشده باشد، واحد ترجمه پایگاه ISI Articles با همکاری تنی چند از اساتید و مترجمان با سابقه، آمادگی دارد آن را در اسرع وقت و با کیفیت مطلوب برای شما ترجمه نماید.
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