تاثیر خشونت های شهری و بی نظمی عنوان سرزمینی بر ویژگی های ارزش بازار : یک مطالعه موردی در بلم، کلان شهر آمازون

As has occurred with many other cities and in several emerging countries, Belém, has been occupied in a haphazard fashion without any formal planning. The high demand for living space and high cost of housing have forced people to occupy peripheral areas of cities, generating social problems that instead of being solved are actually intensifying. Urban violence and land title irregularity are some of the serious problems both for society in general and for the real estate sector, which has become more dynamic in recent years because of expanding credit. However, this economic segment faces major difficulties in its investments and its commercial transactions, often with significant losses or reductions in prices, which is in part due to these problems. This paper seeks to contribute towards understanding the real estate markets of cities in emerging countries that have such characteristics of violence and irregularity, with the objective of quantifying the influence of these variables on the price of residential properties, using as a reference the city of Belém

At the beginning of the 21st century, the Brazilian real estate market began to be highly dynamic and quite active due to the greater supply and flexibility of credit resulting from the consolidation of a public economic and financial program begun in the 1990s, called the Real Plan. This program stabilized, and one might even say civilized, Brazilian finances. However, the real estate market faces a series of problems, such as land title issues and urban violence, which force its agents to seek new strategies to guarantee the production and purchase of housing on a sustainable basis, especially for the segment of the population that has less economic and financial power, and thereby reduce the country’s colossal housing deficit.

The real estate market is at the same time an active vector and a reactive vector in the cause-and-effect relationships of forces and elements that change cities. In Brazilian cities, as in cities in other developing countries, there is considerable violence, the long-term costs of which could well be of a similar order of magnitude as civil wars (Skaperdas, 2009). In addition, illegality/irregularity in possession/ownership of properties is common and sometimes even predominant. In these cities, the real estate market must overcome major challenges, such as the housing deficit accumulated over a period of decades, especially in serving the lower-income segment of the population, whose members generally live in peripheral areas and/or in precarious settlements. In this article, these two factors, perception of urban violence and land-title irregularity, were studied in an attempt to quantify the market value of residential properties in the presence or absence of these factors. A case study was conducted in the city of Belém, the Amazon metropolis, for this purpose.