انگیزش برای ابراز موضوع شخص اول و دوم و حذف در گفتگوی جاوه ای

This article examines first and second person subjects in a corpus of Javanese conversational data where ellipsis is common, and shows that ellipsis is best understood as the default mode for subject representation in conversational interaction in Javanese. Thus the relevant question is not why are subjects ellipted, but rather what motivates their overt expression. Discourse functions associated with overt expression include topic and rhetorical structure, contrast, expression of stance and constructed dialogue. Previous discussion in the literature has associated ellipsis in Javanese with politeness, however results of the present study strongly suggest that politeness is a secondary motivating factor for ellipsis. Precisely because ellipsis is so common due to its role as a discourse grammatical device, speakers are also afforded the opportunity to take advantage of ellipsis to mark social relationships through avoidance of explicit pronominal use when this is interactionally expedient.

Subject expression and ellipsis in Javanese is a complex issue. On one hand, in the context of planned oral literary forms such as the wayang kulit shadow puppet theatre, Becker has noted the preponderance of explicit subjects ( Becker, 1984), explained by the lack of a third person inanimate pronoun in Javanese, which then allows for the use of repeated noun phrases creating a poetic sense of cohesion. This contrasts with spoken interactional Javanese, for which the prevalence of subject ellipsis has often been noted ( Arps et al., 2000, Ewing, 2001, Keeler, 1984 and Robson, 1992). This article examines first and second person subjects in a corpus of Javanese conversational data where ellipsis is common. After first outlining the pronoun system in Javanese, I examine the frequency of first and second person subject ellipsis in a sample data base from a corpus of conversational interaction in the Cirebon variety of Javanese. I argue that ellipsis of first and second person subjects is the default mode for conversational interaction in Javanese. Therefore the relevant question is not why subjects are ellipted, but rather what motivates their overt expression. Discourse functions of overt expression involve topic and rhetorical structure, contrast, expression of stance and constructed dialogue. I then address previous claims that have associated ellipsis with politeness and suggest that politeness is not a primary motivating factor, but rather a secondary function afforded by the prevalence of ellipsis as a discourse-level grammatical device.

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