اثرات متقابل ویدیو، برانگیختن و موسیقی بر انگیزش درونی احساسات و نیازهای اساسی

Abstract Objectives Emotions can enhance motivation towards a particular goal (Brehm, 1999), while activation of human motivation does not necessarily involve conscious processes (Bargh, 1990). The main purpose of the present study was to explore the impact of video, priming, and music on a range of emotion- and motivation-related variables, while the secondary purpose was to conduct a cross-cultural comparison. Design A randomized controlled design was employed to address the interactive effects of video, priming, and music on emotions and motivation with reference to the circumplex theory of emotion.

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Conclusions and recommendations The findings of the present study illustrate the potential benefits that could be acquired by the use of video and music in sport psychology interventions. It is evident that music can be a source of motivation and inspiration in sporting settings (cf. Terry & Karageorghis, 2011). Video on the other hand, could act as a behaviour modification and motivational tool (Barwood et al., 2009 and Ives et al., 2002). Combining the two, along with priming techniques could be particularly effectual in motivation- and emotion-related interventions. The present results supported the proposed positive effects of music on emotional states and the needs that underlie intrinsic motivation (Terry & Karageorghis, 2011). Further, they supported the potentially positive effects of priming in psychological interventions and exhibited the considerably higher impact of priming through video when this is coupled with music. The present findings are particularly noteworthy for public health given the extensive use of music and video in everyday life. Musical excerpts and video clips coupled with primes could be used in public places to promote physical activity and exercise. Such techniques could be further used in rehabilitation programmes to help facilitate motivation and increase the enjoyment levels of patients. As a result, the number of unsuccessful or uncompleted sessions might be reduced, enhancing public health and reducing the costs associated with such programmes. Future studies might address gender differences and the application of priming techniques in both individual and team sports using a variety of musical works and videos. They might also examine the effects of priming, video, and music on physiological indices of performance (e.g., heart rate and heart rate variability). Previous studies investigating cardiovascular and respiratory responses during music induction have lead to somewhat contradictory results (e.g., Etzel et al., 2006 and Sokhadze, 2007). Psychophysiological research involving emotional and motivational responses to video, priming, and music is relatively sparse. A fruitful next step in sport psychology research would be the acquisition of psychophysiological data in order to better understand the impact of video, priming, and music interventions. In conclusion, it appears that the use of video, priming, and music might be a valuable tool for sport psychology practitioners in their quest to optimize athletes' affective states and enhance their intrinsic motivation.