بررسی ارتباط بین واکنش پذیری شناختی و نشخوار فکری

Teasdale’s (Teasdale, J.D. (1988). Cognitive vulnerability to persistent depression. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 247–274) differential activation hypothesis refers to the ease with which maladaptive cognitive processes are triggered by mild dysphoria as cognitive reactivity. Supporting this model is evidence of a differential association between sad mood and dysfunctional cognitions in formerly depressed and never-depressed individuals and the finding that cognitive reactivity predicts depression recurrence in remitted depressives. The Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity–Revised (LEIDS-R; Van der Does, A.J.W., Williams, J.M.G. (2003). Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity–Revised (LEIDS-R). Retrieved September 4, 2007, from http://www.dousa.nl/publications_depression.htm#LEIDS) is a recently developed self-report measure that provides clinicians and researchers with a time-efficient means by which to assess cognitive reactivity. This study investigated the relationship between cognitive reactivity (indexed by the LEIDS-R) and depressive rumination in a nonclinical sample (N = 324). As predicted, partial correlations between the LEIDS-R (subscale and Total scores) and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS; Nolen-Hoeksema, S., and Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115–121) were significant after controlling for current depressive symptoms. A subsample of participants (n= 130) was administered a structured interview to determine current and past depression diagnostic status. Recovered depressed individuals scored more highly on the LEIDS-R Total and LEIDS-R Rumination subscale; however, the groups did not differ on the remaining subscales. Regression analyses indicated that (across all participants) LEIDS-R Total made a unique contribution to the prediction of depression over and above trait level of depressive rumination. Overall, the LEIDS-R is a time-efficient self-report index of cognitive reactivity that demonstrates promise in distinguishing recovered and never-depressed individuals.

Biological, behavioral, and cognitive models have been advanced to account for the processes and features that underpin vulnerability to the onset and recurrence of depression. Teasdale’s (1988) differential activation hypothesis offers a cognitive account of depression vulnerability. The central premise of this model is that the cognitive processes and content that are activated when an individual experiences sad mood are the critical determinants of whether the mood disturbance is transient or, alternatively, whether it persists and develops into an episode of clinical depression. The degree to which negative cognitive content and maladaptive patterns of cognitive processing are triggered by mild dysphoric states is referred to as cognitive reactivity. Teasdale (1988) posits that mild or transient dysphoria will persist and become clinical depression if “a vicious cycle based on the reciprocal relationship between the depressed state and negative thinking” ( Teasdale, 1988, p. 254) has been established.