نوع ورزش و پیش بینی کننده فردی و درون فردی نارضایتی از بدن در شرکت کنندگان ورزشی زنان دبیرستان

Through multiple group structural equation modeling analyses, path models were used to test the predictive effects of sport type and both interpersonal (i.e., mothers’ body dissatisfaction, family dynamics) and intrapersonal factors (i.e., athletic self-efficacy, body mass index [BMI]) on high school female sport participants’ (N = 627) body dissatisfaction. Sport types were classified as esthetic/lean (i.e., gymnastics), non-esthetic/lean (i.e., cross-country), or non-esthetic/non-lean (i.e., softball). Most participants reported low body dissatisfaction, and body dissatisfaction did not differ across sport types. Nevertheless, mothers’ body dissatisfaction was positively associated with daughters’ body dissatisfaction for non-esthetic/lean and non-esthetic/non-lean sport participants, and high family cohesion was predictive of body dissatisfaction among non-esthetic/lean sport participants. Across sport types, higher BMI was associated with greater body dissatisfaction, whereas greater athletic self-efficacy was associated with lower body dissatisfaction. These findings highlight the complex relationship between interpersonal and intrapersonal factors and body dissatisfaction in adolescent female sport participants.

According to objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997 and Moradi, 2010), women's internalization of social constructions about the female body leads to “objectified body consciousness” or “self-objectification,” which is manifested as body surveillance, internalization of cultural body standards, beliefs about the controllability of appearance and sometimes, body shame. Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) assert that one way girls can resist the internalization of these social constructions is to encourage sports participation and related forms of physical activity. That is, sports promote an active, instrumental experience of the self, and therefore may be less likely to promote self-objectification.