پویایی سیستم های یکپارچه سازی فن آوری: مدیریت آب، برق، راه آهن و صنعتی سازی در GOTA ALV

This historical analysis identifies three main elements which enabled (or impeded) systems integration. These were: spatial conditions that provided options for integration, expected efficiency gains in relation to the anticipated loss of autonomy for the integrating systems, social processes among the actors involved. Different degrees as well as different types of systems integration were discerned and the paper develops a typology of systems integration processes.