اثر آموزش گروهی برای مادران در نگرش دختران قبل از نوجوانی نسبت به تغییرات زیستی روانی اجتماعی

As adolescent girls experience numerous changes, positive mother-daughter communication and adequate mothers’ information may be helpful for girls. In order to investigate the effect of group training program for mothers on the attitudes of Bio-Psycho-Social changes in pre-adolescent daughters, 60 mothers participated in 6- 2 hours sessions in their daughter's school. Training included information about various changes in adolescent girls and some communicational skills. One year fallow up showed higher scores in mothers’ information and relational skills and also more positive attitude in adolescents in experimental group in compared to control group according to questionnaire.

Adolescence which is a transitional stage of development has been defined as a period of Storm and Stress (Hall), Genital phase (Freud), Identity crisis (Erikson), Formal Operational stage (Piaget) and etc. Psychological, Psycho- Sexual, and Social changes and levels of emotional distress are considerable in adolescents (Gelder et al., 2005). Risk taking behaviours which can lead to Hsubstance abuseH, Hcar accidentsH, Hunsafe sexH, and Hyouth crimeH (Lightfoot, 1997), peer pressure (Berndt,1979) and mood disorders are considered according to these changes. Responses to stress mediated the association between social stress and symptoms of psychopathology including internalizing distress and aggression in young adolescent girls (Sontag et al., 2008). In comparison with a century ago, puberty is occurring earlier and a disjunction between adolescents' psychosocial maturity and their physical appearance makes some challenges for families and societies (Peterson, 2004). Kazin et al. (2008) showed the effect of sociobiological factors on the formation of adaptive responses in school students during puberty. Social support, typological features, and autonomic regulation are important factors to form the levels of completeness of adaptation in these adolescents.

In order to investigate the attitudes towards Bio-Psycho-Social changes in adolescents, data which were collected from questionnaire and projective test were analyzed statistically. Mean scores of questionnaire in experimental group (girls whose mothers had attended in group training program) and control group are shown in Table 1. Independent sample t test was used and it indicates that experimental group had more positive attitudes towards changes of puberty in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Table 2 represents the significant difference in means. Paying attention to the mode indicated that girls whom their mothers were attended in a program were using more suitable sources (such as mother, counsellor, useful books or web sites) instead of peers and forbidden books and web sites.