تئوری های پاکت برای حلقه های آزاد محلی حلقه باز استاکلبرگ تعادل بازی افق های افقی

Envelope theorems are established for locally differentiable Stackelberg equilibria of a general class of finite horizon differential games with an open-loop information structure. It is shown that the follower's envelope results agree in form with those of any player in an open-loop Nash equilibrium, while those of the leader differ. An unanticipated conclusion is that the costate vector of the leader—but not that of the follower—corresponding to the state vector of the differential game may be legitimately interpreted as the shadow value of the state vector for time-inconsistent open-loop Stackelberg equilibria. Surprisingly, the same cannot be said for time-consistent open-loop Stackelberg equilibria.