سازه های بنایی خانه های خاکی برای بارهای باد شدید

This paper discusses the feasibility of using earth masonry in low-rise dwelling structures to withstand extreme winds. Hurricanes and tornadoes periodically scourge vast areas in Central and North America and the Caribbean where low-income families live, and where the demand for sustainable construction meets that for structural resistance and affordability. Feasibility is studied based on the structural analysis of the main wind force resisting system (MWFRS) of a typical one-story single-family dwelling subject to wind pressures resulting from 3-s gust speeds up to 90 m/s (324 km/h). The output consists of parametric curves that relate wind speed with masonry compressive, tensile and shear strength demand for wall thicknesses ranging from 203 to 508 mm. The structural adequacy of the MWFRS is assessed for the cases of flat and 15° gable roof. The design implications are discussed vis-à-vis strength reduction factors and design strength demands, and sustainable reinforcement options. It is concluded that it is feasible to design one-story CSEB masonry dwellings that can withstand winds loads from Category 4 hurricanes and EF3 tornadoes, provided that a rigid horizontal diaphragm is used. Grouted steel reinforcement may be used in safety shelter CSEB masonry structures to be designed for more extreme wind loads.