فلسفه اسلامی درباره رفتار - نگرش مبتنی بر محیط

This paper concludes philosophical elements regarding conceptual theory and significances of human attitude towards the environment. In a sustainable life, environmental management becomes the most crucial area to be concerned. There are many campaigns, courses and even legal enforcement to ensure the success of educating attitude towards environment. This could be more effective and eternal effects, if the understanding of environmental attitude would be based on religious teachings and philosophy. This paper guides the dos and don’ts and positive or negative behavior towards environmental entities, including metaphysical entities, as mentioned in the muslim's Holy book and prophet's traditions.

Human being is one of the entities created by Allah in the whole ecological system. Hence, its existence is always correlated to other environmental entities. In its manifestation, Islam divides human interaction into three categories; interaction with Allah (the Creator), interaction with human beings (environmental entity of the same species) and interaction with the environment (entities other than human beings). This indicates that the perfection (syumul) of Islam hinges on application of the whole interaction between humans and the environment; physics and metaphysics. This paper highlighted an Islamic conceptual framework to be understood, in order to guide the do’s and don’ts, good or bad habits and positive or negative behavior towards environmental entities, including metaphysical entities. The most important point is, this philosophy would be the platform towards designing approaches, strategies or activities towards inculcating good behavior towards environment.

Finally, our understanding on Islamic philosophy especially Quranic and Prophetic teaching as primary sources will lead man to a clear paradigm in inculcating good behavior and attitude towards environment; and of course it would be part of ibadah which is promised with delayed rewards in the Day of Hereafter. Islam views the atitude of interaction in the environmental ecosystem as a big issue when the trust and stewardship (amanah khilafah) are granted to humans as an important appointment to manage and administer the environment. Each and every elements in the environment created by Allah is significant and functional, none is created without purposes. The creations are interrelated and should be managed wisely. In the state where many Western scientists and environmentalists accuse the religions (Christian and Jew) as the environmental crisis factor and the obstacle to a sustainable environment due to the manipulative power of humans (Mohd Noor Ramlan, 1999); Islam emerged as the best alternative solution in which its perspective is extensive and orthodox. Furthermore, the openness of Islam in adapting to the reality is the main pillar towards mounting it as a way of life that is environmental friendly without tarnishing the functions and status of human as a caliph. Reference on the theory of comprehensive environmental ecosystem should be made on the main sources; Al Quran dan Al Hadith as the operation manual of the environment as well as intelligentsias who verify the direct interpretation via research and scientific evidence in ecology and cosmology like Al Biruni, Al Idrisi, Ibn Khayyam, Al Jahiz, Ibn Sina, Al Qazwini, Ad Damiri, Al Baghdadi, As Suyuti, Ibn Batutah and many more.