توسعه طرح تامین مالی اسلامی برای SME ها (بنگاه های کوچک و متوسط) در یک کشور در حال توسعه: مورد اندونزی

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have significant role in employment creation and growth of gross domestic products of developing country. In the case of Indonesia, SMEs account for more than 90 percents of all company and in employment [1]. However, in order to grow and contribute more significantly to the economy, SMEs face some constraints. One of the main constraints faced by SMEs is the lack of finance. Islamic bank financing products may help to solve this problem. The Islamic participatory schemes, such as mudarabah and musyarakah, integrate assets of lender and borrowers; therefore, they allow Islamic banks to lend on a longer-term basis to projects with higher risk-return profiles and, thus, to support economic growth. However, as Islamic banks try to avoid uncertainties, the mentioned schemes are not widely used. Therefore, support from government and academia needed to create innovation in the participatory financing scheme so that all related parties can share mutual benefits. Using Indonesia data, the paper analyzes data from Indonesia's National Agency of Statistics and Central Bank of Indonesia and reviews key literature and secondary data on Indonesian SMEs and Islamic banks. In the end, the paper offers a framework in which Islamic financing scheme could be used to solve financing problem faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the context of developing country.

It is without doubt that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) hold important roles in emerging markets. Tambunan (2006) states that the important roles of SME can be defined as follow [2]: a. Dispersed widely in rural area and play important role in rural economy, b. Able to employ a lot of labours from the local economy, and c. Provide opportunity to develop entrepreneurial and business skills, However, SMEs in emerging market face some problems in their development. One of them is the lack to financial support. This financing problem faced by SMEs will be the main focus of this paper. The main objective of the paper is to discuss the possibility of implementing Islamic profit sharing scheme in providing funds to small and medium enterprises.

Government along with academia should act as strategic partner for Islamic banks in reducing asymmetric informations that prevents the bank from lending to SMEs. Government should provide data on the widely dispersed SMEs so that the bank can easily find them. Also, the viability of the business must be evaluated. Due to its research-nature, academia can help in improving credit scoring system that will allow government to valuate the viability of the SMEs and also the banks to valuate the risks of the businesses. Government should have database of SMEs in its region. This will allow the government act as strategic partner for the banks in its financing distribution to SMEs. Only when the asymmetric information is reduced, the Islamic profit sharing scheme can be implemented for the growth of SME. For further research, the nature of liquidity risks and other risks in Islamic banks should be investigated to see their impacts in distributing financing to SMEs. This research is mainly focusing on operational risks and how to lower operational costs in distributing financing to SMEs.