مروری بر منشور مدینه در واکنش به جامعه ناهمگن در مالزی

Malaysia is a Muslim country which comprises of a heterogeneous society. Through the efforts of the current and previous government, Malaysia has beenattempting to include the Islamic principles into its governance. Firstly, it starts with the concept of the Asian values, moving on to Islam Hadhari, and the recent one is the idea of One Malaysia. These gestures speculate that Malaysia is in the process of bringing and applying back the Islamic way of governance system with reference to the first Islamic law, the Medina charter. Based on the Islamic history, the Medina charter was the first constitution drafted and documented in Islam providing the basis of the city-state between Muslim and non-Muslim in the medieval Muslim city of Medina. The content of the charter manages to unite a multi-religious and multi-ethnicity (heterogeneous) in the city. Therefore, this study is conducted to enlighten people's understanding on the success of the Medina charter, in relation to the heterogeneous society in Malaysia. The charter is applicable to be adapted into the Malaysian government in which the citizens are heterogeneous society. Hence, the aim of this study is to learn the reasons behind the success of the Medina charter in response to the heterogeneous society in Malaysia. In order to achieve the aim of this study, several objectives are highlighted to identify the purpose and function of the charter as well as to analyze the success of the charter to heterogeneous society in Malaysia. This study is based on the qualitative research methodology; thus, the document analysis is adopted to define and understand the Medina charter. The findings of this study emphasize three main aspects, namely, i) the condition of the Medina city before and after the establishment of the charter, and ii) the relationship of the charter with heterogeneous society, and iii) the importance of the charter to the Islamic city-state, especially in Malaysia. The outcomes of this study will assist to strengthen the understanding towards the importance of Medina charter and the significance of upholding the Islamic principles and values in heterogeneous.