تأثیرات متقابل در افسردگی مادر و مشکلات تنظیم کودک

Abstract Often undetected and poorly managed, maternal depression and child adjustment problems are common health problems and impose significant burden to society. Studies show evidence of mutual influences on maternal and child functioning, whereby depression in mothers increases risk of emotional and behavioral problems in children and vice versa. Biological mechanisms (genetics, in utero environment) mediate influences from mother to child, while psychosocial (attachment, child discipline, modeling, family functioning) and social capital (social resources, social support) mechanisms mediate transactional influences on maternal depression and child adjustment problems. Mutual family influences in the etiology and maintenance of psychological problems advance our understanding of pathways of risk and resilience and their implications for clinical interventions. This article explores the dynamic interplay of maternal and child distress and provides evidence for a biopsychosocial model of mediating factors with the aim of stimulating further research and contributing to more inclusive therapies for families.

11. Conclusion Unraveling mutual influences on maternal and child health illuminates aspects of risk and resilience that are important to clinical practice. This article described the epidemiology and burden of maternal depression and child adjustment problems and presented a biopsychosocial model of their mutual influences. The practical implications of this model and an agenda for further research were also discussed. To conclude, in a research literature that is dominated by negative, even pathological, language used to describe the negative consequences of these influences, it is worth appreciating that many children of depressed mothers are healthy and can be a positive influence in treating the depression. Likewise, many mothers of disturbed children are healthy and highly motivated to support and facilitate interventions for their children. Moreover, maternal depression is not a static health determinant for child mental health. Because both conditions are highly treatable, their interconnections can be harnessed for enhancing prevention and treatment interventions.