حفاظت از محیط زیست ساحلی: مسیرهای زندگی ساحل دریایی

This paper reviews existing and emerging projects that propose modified coastal structures including bioengineered breakwaters and living shorelines with natural and nature-based features that have multiple benefits such as reducing flood risks and mitigating the loss of intertidal and shallow water biodiversity. Two case studies of coastal management projects in the U.S. and Singapore are investigated, which take a ‘design by research’ approach through testing innovative approaches to achieve multiple benefits. Opportunities and challenges associated with the design and construction of coastal structures with different levels of integrating landscape-based solutions are identified across projects, and guidelines for the design and construction industry are provided.