انعطاف پذیری به عنوان یک میانجی بین برونگرایی، روان رنجوری و شادی، PA و NA

The present study aimed to explore the influences of extraversion and neuroticism on happiness, PA and NA and to examine the mediating effect of resilience in this relationship. NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were administered to 289 college students. Results from path analyses (AMOS) revealed that resilience partially mediated the association between extraversion and happiness and PA, and the association between neuroticism and happiness and NA. Furthermore, the association between extraversion and NA, and the association between neuroticism and PA, were fully mediated by resilience. This study makes a contribution to the potential mechanism of the association between extraversion, neuroticism and affective components of subjective well-being.

In the general area of subjective well-being (SWB), researchers have studied happiness and unhappiness, positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and general life satisfaction. DeNeve and Cooper (1998) made distinctions among these concepts. General life satisfaction is a cognitive appraisal of one’s general state. Happiness and positive and negative affect are the affective appraisals of SWB. Happiness is the preponderance of positive affect over negative affect with a focus on an overall affective appraisal, while positive and negative affect are generally focused on the recent occurrence of specific positive and negative emotions (Spangler & Palrecha, 2004). Accordingly, it indicates that happiness is the overall affective factor and PA and NA are the specific affective components of SWB. Studies have found that PA and NA are independent from each other, though both are correlated individually with general measures of happiness (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). As the affective components of SWB, happiness and PA have been found to be correlated with a variety of favorable life outcomes, such as work success, effective coping, stronger social relationships, mental health and even physical health and longevity (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). Therefore, the presence of happiness and PA and the absence of NA are central in people’ life and play a key role in predicting individuals’ mental and physical health