انرژی تعبیه شده و عملیاتی برای ساخت مسکن جدید : مطالعه موردی از روش های ساخت و ساز در انگلستان

In this study a Building Information Model (BIM) tool is developed to simultaneously estimate embodied and operational carbon over a 60 year life span for a typical four bedroom detached house. Using the tool, four different construction scenarios are evaluated, representing a range of current construction methods used in present day UK house building. The results show that cradle-to-gate embodied carbon represents 20–26% of the total 60 year carbon emissions, with operational carbon representing 74–80% of total emissions. Construction scenarios that reduce operational carbon by improving the thermal envelope led to a 1–13% increase in embodied carbon but a 4–5% decrease in operational carbon compared to the basecase construction method. Approaches to reduce embodied carbon in new-build housing are also studied and a 24% reduction is demonstrated through building fabric changes. The study recommends that a universally robust methodology for measuring embodied carbon will enable design decisions to be taken to reduce whole life carbon emissions through improved choice of materials. Due to material changes impacting on the thermal characteristics of a dwelling, and to an extent the structural characteristics, an integrated BIM tool will be essential in quickly establishing whole life carbon impacts during the design stage.