هنر درمان برای بزهکاران جوان در مراقبت امن ؛ یک پژوهش مبتنی بر عمل

This article describes the results of the first phase of a research project to develop, implement, evaluate, and improve arts therapies interventions for young offenders in secure care. By means of a naturalistic/constructivistic research methodology in combination with grounded therapy methodology, practice-based evidence has been generated. Core problems of young offenders that are connected to delinquency have been described and arts therapies interventions have been developed that can be used to change these core problems. Core problems are problems with self-image, with expressing and discharging emotions, the inability to resolve interpersonal problems and finally, negative cognitions. In co-creation with practitioners, interventions have been developed for drama therapy, music therapy, art therapy and dance-movement therapy. A treatment theory has been developed that explains the working of arts therapies by means of the first author's theory of analogy. This theory explains arts therapies by means of the equality between forms of expression in art and the core self consciousness as described by Damasio and the vitality affects within the core self as described by Stern.

The research resulted in the description of core problems; consensus-based treatment manuals for drama therapy, music therapy, art therapy, and dance-movement therapy; and a treatment theory that explains why arts therapies work. Description of core problems on which arts therapists focus Arts therapists focus on the following four core problems because these are closely related to risk factors and protective factors. This section describes the four core problems. Later, we describe how they relate to risk factors and protective factors. These core problems were identified during a preliminary research study (Smeijsters et al., 2009). They were arrived at by means of focus interviews with arts therapists.