ابعاد کنترل روانشناختی والدین: ارتباطات با پرخاشگری فیزیکی و رابطه پیش دبستانی در روسیه

The present investigation concerns the multidimensionality of self-consciousness. I will specifically address this general issue by focusing on bodily self-consciousness and by considering how one is conscious of one's body through consciousness of both its physicality and its subjectivity. Here, physicality is defined as the belongingness to the physical world; subjectivity is defined as the fact of being a subject of conscious experience. Once subjectivity and physicality are differentiated from each other, the difficulty is to clarify the integration of these dimensions of bodily self-consciousness into a single experience of one's body: how does the consciousness of one's body integrate one's consciousness of one's body-as-subjective and one's consciousness of one's body-as-physical? In this investigation, I describe different forms of bodily self-consciousness in ways that shed light on the intermingling of subjectivity and physicality. I argue that being conscious of one's body-as-subjective involves experiencing one's belongingness to the physical world; conversely, being conscious of one's body-as-physical involves experiencing it as one's own; either way, such forms of bodily self-consciousness involve experiencing both the subjectivity and the physicality of one's body. The hypothesis here is that the imbalance of these dimensions relative to each other would be pathological. I will thus underline the normal multidimensionality of bodily self-consciousness by considering its pathological breakdown as it happens in anorexia nervosa.

“The hopeless dream of being—not seeming, but being … The gulf between what you are with others and what you are alone. The vertigo and the constant hunger to be exposed, to be seen through, perhaps even wiped out … You can shut yourself in … Or so you thought. But reality is diabolical. … No one asks … if you’re genuine or just a sham …” (Persona, by Bergman, 1966). 1. Physicality and subjectivity The present investigation concerns the multidimensionality of self-consciousness. Here, I will specifically address this general issue by focusing of bodily self-consciousness and by considering how one is conscious of one's body through consciousness of both its physicality and its subjectivity. For the present purposes, physicality is defined as the belongingness to the physical world; subjectivity is defined as the fact of being a subject of conscious experience. Here, I will take the distinction between the subjective and physical dimensions of bodily self-consciousness as a disquieting starting point. Indeed, differentiation is not separation and once subjectivity and physicality are differentiated from each other, the difficulty is to clarify the integration of these dimensions of bodily self-consciousness into a single experience of one's body: how does the consciousness of one's body integrate one's consciousness of one's body-as-subjective and one's consciousness of one's body-as-physical? Answering this question involves understanding the “paradox of human subjectivity” by which one is “being a subject for the world and at the same time being an object in the world” ( Husserl, 1934–7/1970, Krisis, §53). In the following, I intend to describe different forms of bodily self-consciousness in ways that shed light on the fact that subjectivity and physicality are intermingled with each other. To anticipate: being conscious of one's body-as-subjective involves experiencing one's belongingness to the physical world, which implies that physical dimensions are intermeshed with subjective ones; conversely, being conscious of one's body-as-physical involves experiencing it as one's own, which implies that subjective dimensions are intermeshed with physical ones. In the following, I will characterize different ways in which physicality and subjectivity are intertwined in bodily self-consciousness. I will underline such intertwinements by considering their pathological breakdown as it happens in anorexia nervosa. The underlying hypothesis is that we are normally conscious of our body neither as purely subjective, nor as purely physical; rather we are normally conscious of our body as an intertwinement of subjective and physical dimensions: bodily self-consciousness is normally multidimensional. The imbalance of these dimensions relative to each other is pathological.