برنامه ریزی عملیات برای توسعه محصول مشترک با CD-DSM در شرکت های الکترونیکی

Coupled activities are the main reasons to cause collaboration in product development (PD) process. Previous modeling approaches such as Petri net, IDEF and DSM fail to represent the collaboration characteristic of PD process well. Considering the characteristics of optoelectronic PD process especially for demand of collaborative development, this paper proposes the process planning framework, establishes the three-dimensional collaboration model, and analyzes nine collaboration types among activities. The Process Collaboration Degree (PCD) and Activity Collaboration Degree (ACD) considering information delivery times and probability are defined to strengthen the modeling ability of DSM, and then the Collaboration Degree Design Structure Matrix (CD-DSM) is constructed to model the collaborative development process of optoelectronic products. In order to decrease the coupled complexity, PCD is applied to decompose the nested activities into atomic activities based on the information input/output points and ACD is used to express the value of the elements in the CD-DSM. Furthermore, the upstream and downstream relationship of atomic activities is optimized based on the CD-DSM to plan the collaborative PD process. Finally, the proposed framework is realized in a prototype system, and an example of LED display module development process is carried out in an optoelectronic company to illustrate the application. And the results show that the proposed method improves the process planning of collaborative PD effectively.

Nowadays, most manufacturing enterprises are facing intensive competition from the global market. How to better manage and enhance their product development (PD) processes becomes a core issue for every single manufacturing enterprise. Global competition and distribution of markets, labors, and suppliers have driven manufacturing enterprises to distribute production sites, facilities, and associated engineering activities at different geographical locations close to the desired markets, labors, supply sources for low costs and quick responses to the market [1]. More and more manufacturing enterprises have realized that the ability to bring to market well designed and manufactured new products at competitive prices in a short lead-time is critical for them to survive in the keen competitive market [2]. Therefore, in the new distributed manufacturing environment, it is imperative to seek an appropriate way to carry out PD processes, which require shortening product lifecycle, cutting development cost, reducing lead time, achieving high quality and productivity, and quickly responding to the market changing to meet customer requirements [3]. Effectively planning the PD process is an essential factor to achieve the above requirements in the new manufacturing environment. Some of the existing PD modes and manufacturing philosophies, such as mass customization, concurrent engineering, virtual manufacturing, agile manufacturing, and networked manufacturing are employed to enhance PD efficiency and shorten the PD cycle from different sides [4]. As a result, the PD process in current manufacturing enterprises shows the following characteristics: (1) Content of PD process keeps expanding. PD refers not only to the product design process, but also to include manufacturing, assembly, maintenance, sales process, while it is endowed with new connotation and significance, such as PD for mass customization and agile PD. (2) PD process highlights the collaboration work. Modern product structure is increasingly complex and PD process presents the trend of integrating, networking and distribution. The entire development process requires collaborative process modeling, collaborative tasks scheduling and collaborative development environment to manage collaborative PD. The PD process of modern enterprises, including optoelectronic ones, need to meet the collaboration requirements, allowing developers only focus on their portion of work [5]. The PD process of optoelectronic enterprises is often the joint effort of many team members from geographically distributed departments, and they depend on closely each other in design process. Therefore, the enterprises pay more attention to the collaboration ability between different development activities involved in PD plan, product concept design, product preliminary design, product detail design, tests, and improvement. The reasons are to improve the management level of product data and reduce cost from all around the way, while maintaining a high level of product quality at the same time. In addition, improving the effectiveness of the development process is crucial in the reduction of optoelectronic PD time and costs due to feedback and rework. Consequently, a collaborative PD process planning is required to provide support for management, and coordination of PD activities and product information sharing and exchange, between various stages of PD processes in optoelectronic manufacturing enterprises. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 the literature review on process modeling is outlined. The characteristics of optoelectronic products development processes are developed in Section 3. Section 4 describes the process planning framework of collaborative PD (PPFCPD). Implementation of the proposed PPFCPD is demonstrated in Section 5 and conclusions are given in Section 6.

In the PD domain, it is essential to use modeling tools to describe the PD process for its planning and management. However, previous modeling approaches such as Petri net, IDEF and DSM fail to represent the collaboration characteristic of optoelectronic PD process well. A process planning framework has been described in this article to overcome the limitation, which allows the PD project managers to capture optoelectronic PD characteristics effectively. We generalized optoelectronic PD characteristics systematically for achieving the purpose. And then a three-dimensional collaboration model to capture the characteristics was proposed, and nine collaboration types such as interaction, rework, cycle and communication types were summarized. In addition, this paper extended the DSM method involving information delivery times and probability to describe the nine collaborative types, and defined the collaboration degree quantitatively to show collaboration characteristic of each optoelectronic PD process. The proposed decomposition method could turn the large coupling into small one, and decomposition of nested activities can decrease the iteration atomic activity number and cost, and shorten the development cycle effectively. Furthermore, a prototype system was developed to realize the proposed planning framework to provide a practicable collaborative PD process planning environment for project managers, and then it was implemented and applied to a real case to demonstrate how the system to plan the PD process effectively and efficiently. Although this study may have some limitations, the proposed framework for the collaborative PD process in optoelectronic companies can serve as a useful process planning tool that overcomes the limitations of traditional modeling techniques. The formal definitions of collaboration degree considering information delivery times and probability are useful to capture the nine collaboration types. The proposed framework can provide engineers and managers with a basis for planning, organizing, and analyzing the collaborative PD processes effectively. In consideration of the complexity of collaboration itself, there still exists many challenges and research work to do. Therefore, as further research, the following can be considered. First, more collaboration types and parameters of the PD process, relevant calculation formula of collaboration degree and comparison among previous methods (for example, MDM, Multiple-Domain Matrix) and new proposed one can be developed in detail. Second, an ontology-based modeling framework integrating PD knowledge acquisition, representation and sharing can be developed to share PD knowledge efficiently within one company or among companies. Finally, the process planning framework can be extended to support the collaborative PD process management by enabling technology such as workflow technology, manufacturing grid and multi-agent.