مطالعه در مورد تئوری برنامه ریزی یکپارچه سطحی و زیرزمینی فضای شهری

As the development of the economic of China and the acceleration of urbanization, metropolises have run out of land resources. The increasingly serious urban space constraints compel us to rethink profoundly the traditional urban planning theory. The traditional urban planning theory pays attention to the two-dimensional space perspective of the ground and the aboveground to solve the problem on urban development, while, the modern urban space is a threedimensional space system which is made up of above and below parts of the space. Therefore, how to arrange appropriate functions of urban space and form a favourable urban function system according to the surface and underground urban space, is the problem needed to be solved by current urban planning. Planning urban space from the perspective of the integration of surface and underground space will re-examine and re-evaluate the urban space growth boundary and the bearing capacity, so that it will bring the innovations to theory, method and technology of traditional urban planning.

Along with the extensive development of rapid urbanization, the dramatical increase of urban population, the contradictions between urban space and functions are increasingly sharpened. Many cities have a “City Syndrome”, such as crowded urban space, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, ecological degradation, resource scarcity, etc.[1] Asking the high altitude for space, construct the tallbuildings and urban elevated road; requiring the ground for space, develop the urban underground space. The two measures have become the indispensible means of raising the urban space, easing traffic pressure and improving the urban environment. The current acknowledge of most people about the urban space is still in the concept of two-dimensional plane. Their main concern is the development of urban space which stays above the surface, in the horizontal direction. People pay attention to the two-dimensional space perspective of the ground and the aboveground to solve the problem on urban development, while underground space acted only as a supplementary ground space, or the substitute scheme, works only when the on-the-ground can not solve the conflicts. The lack of the understanding of above and below city space’s coordinate development, and the isolated treatment toward the planning and construction of above and below ground space, give rise to the wasting of space resources and the hardness of improving the land utilization. Therefore, the correct understanding of the characteristics of the city on or under the ground, the coordinated development of the city’s above and below space, as well as to overcome the oneside thinking of “underground supplying the above”, is the precondition of using the urban space resources comprehensively and efficiently, solving urban problems and realizing the urban sustainable development strategy[2].

Traditional urban planning pays mainly attentions to the urban space above the surface in the horizontal direction of the expansion. The result will inevitably lead to urban land use extending to the surrounding concentric circles, and expanding the city’s scale. The integrated development and utilization of surface and underground will re-examine and assess the urban growth boundary of space and the bearing capacity, and form a new concept of urban space constitution about the coordination and expansion of urban floor space, upper space and underground space. This concept reflects the threedimensional characteristics of urban space, which will become an inevitable trend of urban development.