تجربه ی مشارکت در ارتقای آئواوا: مشاهدات اولیه با کلینیک یرو-روانشناسی کودکان

It was feasible to establish the present multidisciplinary uro-psychology clinic. Such a clinic may unearth undiagnosed psychological issues, and improve bowel and bladder dysfunction in these difficult-to-treat patients.Summary Table. Patient and clinic characteristics.Mean patient age, years (range)8.5 (4–16)Sex, mean n (%)Male27 (41%)Female39 (59%)Pre-existing urologic conditions, mean n (%)Urinary incontinence64 (98%)Constipation63 (97%)Nocturnal enuresis45 (68%)Recurrent UTI26 (40%)Voiding dysfunction17 (26%)Pre-existing psychological conditions, mean n (%)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)50 (77%)Anxiety disorders23 (35%)Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)17 (26%)Autism spectrum disorders8 (12%)Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)3 (5%)Parent–child relationship problems3 (5%)Questionnaire results, mean number of points (range)First clinic visit31 (47–13)Most recent clinic visit25 (47–7)Clinic treatment decisions, mean n (%)Maintained in VIP clinic51 patients (77%)Discharged from care15 patients (23%)Referred for further psychological evaluation48 patients (62%)VIP, Voiding Improvement Partnership.