توسعه یک سیستم مدیریت تداخل برنامه زمانی - محیط کاری به صورت همزمان با در نظر گرفتن سطح همپوشانی برنامه های موازی و فضاهای کاری

Schedule-workspace interference is generated when workspaces that share parallel schedules and are physically adjacent to one another exist simultaneously. When workspace interference is generated, securing work performance safety is difficult and constructability can deteriorate due to increased collision risk between resources. The objective of this study is to realize an active simulation system based on building information modeling (BIM) after constructing a genetic algorithm (GA) process for an alternative schedule that minimizes the simultaneous interference level of the schedule-workspace. To accomplish this task, the impact factor of workspace interference, which simultaneously considers schedule overlap and adjacency, was analyzed. From the impact factor, an optimized algorithm based on a location-constraint GA that can minimize workspace interference is suggested. The GA visually simulates the optimization level of the execution schedule compared to the initial plan through interlock with four-dimensional (4D) computer-aided design (CAD). A 4D CAD system that can analyze workspace interference by a GA was developed, and for the developed algorithm and system, a case verification was attempted for a railroad construction project. The results show how a simple visualization-oriented BIM system can be extended to an active schedule management system equipped with decision-making functions of workspace analysis.

When parallel activities located in adjacent spaces progress simultaneously, workspace interference is frequently generated, deteriorating the safety and constructability of work. Typically, when workspace interference is generated at the job site, resource input is controlled by the situation of the job site only, or schedule of activity is forcibly adjusted with empirical methods. These methods might not be reasonable because the level of interference elimination cannot be foreseen. If a workspace analysis method is interlocked with four-dimensional (4D) computer-aided design (CAD), its effectiveness can be improved because the level of space interference in accordance with the schedule is visually expressed. Most existing workspace control research or systems consist mainly of a simple situation expression of workspace interference in accordance with changes in schedule information. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze the change in space interference and the optimum state in connection with the level of elimination of the activities in which overlap has been generated. Given these limitations, providing the decision-making function for establishing alternative schedule and workspace interference optimization is insufficient. Therefore, an additional decision-making process based on specialized knowledge on the schedule control of the corresponding staff in charge is needed. If workspace interference can be solved through schedule adjustment by a 4D CAD system, this function can be utilized as the decision-making function, which can simultaneously minimize schedule overlap and the physical interference level of adjacent workspaces. In this study, to improve situation expression-oriented interference control systems of workspace collision, a method of performing connected analysis of schedule and workspace within the 4D CAD environment is suggested in an analyzed algorithm and system. This study develops an algorithm for establishing a schedule plan with which schedule and workspace interference become simultaneously minimized, and it develops an active workspace interference optimization system based on this method. For these purposes, first, an estimation method for a schedule-workspace interference impact factor based on schedule overlap and adjacency information of the workspace in a project is established. Second, a schedule-workspace interference optimization algorithm based on a location-constraint genetic algorithm (GA) is analyzed. Based on this analysis, the simultaneous overlapping state of the schedule-workspace can be visually confirmed, and with optimized workspace interference information, an active 4D simulation system that can mutually be compared with the planned schedule is developed. Finally, the proposed methods and practical utilization of the developed system are verified through a case study of a railroad construction project. This study also presents an alternative schedule in accordance with the interference elimination level through simulation by optimizing selectively or in combination with the schedule and workspace overlap. Therefore, it is expected that simple visualized function-oriented building information modeling (BIM) system can be extended to an active system.

In this study, a location-constraint GA-based schedule-workspace interference optimization algorithm that minimizes schedule and workspace interference simultaneously was built and a BIM-based schedule-workspace interference optimization simulation system that integrates this interference minimization was constructed. First, based on the schedule overlap ratio and workspace interference adjacency, the schedule-workspace interference impact factor was created as a judgment criterion of the work risk level due to simultaneous schedule-workspace interference. When schedule overlap and workspace interference were generated simultaneously, it was confirmed that the impact factor could be utilized as a GA fitness function that could examine the constructability of corresponding tasks. Second, to generate schedule alternatives that minimized schedule-workspace interference, an improved GA technique based on location constraints was presented. To this end, a location constraint-based genetic operator was devised so that the GA could be easily applied to interference problems. For the CP, the GA was not applied; therefore, it was arranged so that genetic operation was selectively performed for the activities excluding the CP. In addition, during the presented genetic operation, a schedule alternative that could be utilized as the planned schedule of satisfying the TF value of each activity and the total construction period could be established through a schedule relationship maintenance technique. Third, by integrating the above optimization methods, a 4D object-based optimization simulation system, which was used as a decision-making tool to solve schedule-workspace interference, was constructed. Through this simulation system, work constructability risk in accordance with the level of schedule-workspace interference could be confirmed visually by the managers. In addition, by performing various simulations for schedule combinations generated by the fitness calculation for each generation of the GA, it was arranged such that simultaneous search of schedule-workspace interference, in accordance with schedule progress and schedule-workspace interference optimization information, that provided more sufficient site conditions could selectively be performed. To complement the practical utilization of the developed system, future studies should improve upon the workspace information model in accordance with resource input information, conduct dynamic interference analysis of workspaces in accordance with schedule changes, consider applying the schedules to GA to optimize the schedules, and add various site-specific constraint elements. By integrating the visual analysis method of existing 4D simulation and the decision-making function of schedule-workspace interference optimization in accordance with the GA into a single environment, the developed system can be utilized as an active BIM tool that can easily be applied to sites while minimizing the special knowledge required of the administrator.