ویژگی های بالینی اختلال بدریخت انگاری در نوجوانان و بزرگسالان

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) usually begins during adolescence, but its clinical features have received little investigation in this age group. Two hundred individuals with BDD (36 adolescents; 164 adults) completed interviewer-administered and self-report measures. Adolescents were preoccupied with numerous aspects of their appearance, most often their skin, hair, and stomach. Among the adolescents, 94.3% reported moderate, severe, or extreme distress due to BDD, 80.6% had a history of suicidal ideation, and 44.4% had attempted suicide. Adolescents experienced high rates and levels of impairment in school, work, and other aspects of psychosocial functioning. Adolescents and adults were comparable on most variables, although adolescents had significantly more delusional BDD beliefs and a higher lifetime rate of suicide attempts. Thus, adolescents with BDD have high levels of distress and rates of functional impairment, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. BDD's clinical features in adolescents appear largely similar to those in adults.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a distressing or impairing preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance, usually begins during adolescence (Phillips, 2001 and Gunstad and Phillips, 2003). However, very little research has been done on BDD's clinical features in this age group. BDD is an often severe disorder that appears to interfere with normal adolescent development (Phillips, 1996). In addition, body image is important during adolescent development. It may be the most important contributor to adolescents' global self-esteem, and negative body image is associated with depression, anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation in this age group (Harter et al., 1992 and Levine and Smolak, 2002). Adults with BDD have markedly impaired functioning and notably poor quality of life (Phillips et al., 1993, Veale et al., 1996 and Phillips and Diaz, 1997). Suicidal ideation and attempts also appear common, with lifetime suicide attempt rates of 22–24% (Veale et al., 1996 and Phillips and Diaz, 1997). In a retrospective study of patients in two dermatology practices who were known to have committed suicide over 20 years, most had acne or BDD (Cotterill and Cunliffe, 1997).