مطالعه و اجرای برنامه ریزی ایستگاه های آتش نشانی مبتنی بر GIS و AHP

Urban fire is a hidden danger for city safety. Therefore, the overall layout of fire fighting facilities is an important part of fire control planning in cities. This study combines the method of GIS and AHP together. The paper, which fully considers the complicated data and their mutual influence, makes full use of spatial analysis, data processing and query. Planning and analysis will be more flexible and universal by utilizing this method, and the complexity of spatial location selection can be decreased considerably, which consequently may overcome the casualness and uncertainty of subjective site selection. And finally, the approach satisfies the planning requests of some related fire fighting department to a certain degree.

Urban fire is a hidden danger for city safety. Therefore, the overall layout of fire fighting facilities is an important part of fire control planning in cities. Reasonable construction of fire facilities and layout of fire stations can improve governments’ ability to reduce or prevent fire disasters in cities consider ably. What’s more, safeguarding urban infrastructure and protecting the lives of local residents are all possible results. Accordingly, a safe environment can be created there. Recently, with the rapid development of national economy and urban construction, city scale is much larger than before, but fire fighting facilities are relatively lagging. The incoordination between comprehensive ability to resist fire in city and its development reveals gradually. At pre sent, the most prominent issue related to domestic fire stations planning is the insufficiency of fire sites. The principle of fire sites planning is to reach the edges of your areas of responsibility within 5 minutes after alarming. Moreover, proper area of responsible regions may be 4 to 7 square kilometers.However, most of our cities can not reach that standard. As cities continue to expand, number of fire stations has not increased accordingly. In addition, when it comes to the finished fire sites, problems may be the uneven spatial distribution, inappropriate planning and so on. For example, traffic congestion around fire sites and narrow roads can definitely contribute to the delay of prime time for rescue, because fire engines can not get to the fire scenes in time. Consequently, our safety can not be guaranteed effectively. In contrast, the layout of fire sites in western countries is relatively complete. They are denser, more reasonable. Thus, it will cost less time for the firemen to reach the scenes. Then, fire can be controlled and damage can decrease to a lowest level. Furthermore, the construction mechanism of fire sites in our country is not so smooth and cycle of building is too long. Therefore, we should give priority to those that are in urgent and the most useful when pondering which should be built first.

This research utilizes network analytic method, buffer analytic method, superimposition analytic method as well as AHP (mainly consider weight of each factor). We use such method to the selection of fire station location, solve the problem of fire station location selection successfully and give the location w nsis suitable. Compared with traditional locati on selection method, using GIS to carr has a bigger flexibility. And it can reduce the complexity of spatial location selection to the greatest degree. Moreover it may overcome the capriciousness and uncertainty of subjective location selection. Furthermore the precision of location selection can be enhanced. This experimental method can satisfy location selection request of fire department to a certain extent.