محیط های پیش التهابی در اختلال استرس پس از حادثه ناشی از جنگ، مستقل از افسردگی و استرس اوایل زندگی

Combat-related PTSD in males is associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, even after accounting for depression and early life trauma. These results, from one of the largest studies of inflammatory cytokines in PTSD to date, suggest that immune activation may be a core element of PTSD pathophysiology more so than a signature of combat exposure alone.