کاهش الکل در سه ماهه اول هیچ ارتباطی با ویژگی های سیگار کشیدن، بیمار یا حاملگی ندارد

Women reported reducing their alcohol consumption during pregnancy, including those screening positive for pre-pregnancy problem drinking. First trimester alcohol reduction cannot be accounted for by smoking, patient or pregnancy characteristics; public health initiatives, psychological factors and hormonal mechanisms may be implicated.