تأثیر تجزیه و تحلیل سرمایه گذاری خارجی بر کیفیت محیط زیست شاندونگ

The foreign investment has improved economic growth of Shandong in recent years, but more studies focus on the impact of foreign investment on the environment. The scale and industrial structure of foreign investment are studied and there are no evidences the foreign investment over concentrated in pollution-intensive industries, the foreign investment has more reasonable industrial structure and advanced technology than domestic enterprises and isn’t the main pollution sources in Shandong.

Because of locational advantage and good economic environment, Shandong began to introduce foreign investment since reform and opening. The actual use of foreign investment has amounted to$84.47 billions as of the end of 2008 and the amount in 2008 is $8.2 b illions, an increase of 10.2% over the previous year. The rapid growing of foreign investment has promoted the economic growth and social progress of Shandong significantly. At the same time, the dispute about the relationship between foreign investment and environmental pollution was brought to the forefront. The impaction of foreign investment on Shandong environment and how to coordinate the relation of them has been the focus of attention.Walter and Ugelow (1979) argued the fierce competition attracting the foreign investment among less developed countries could lower the environment protection standards and then induced the foreign investment transferred to the pollution-intensive industries. In consequence, the less developed countries would become the "havens" for the world's dirty industries; this concern has become known as the "pollution-haven hypothesis". Baumol and Oates (1986) considered the less developed countries would be the concentration area of the world pollution if they willing to carry out the lax environmental standards.Zarsky (1999) argued the foreign direct investment affected the macro environmental variables at least in six potential ways and the combined affection is negative. The other view is the foreign investment has positive effects on the environment of host country. The foreign investors would bring advanced technologies and management experiences to the host country, which can improve the energy efficient and the environment in the end. Eskelan and Harrison (2002) are representatives of such viewpoint, they found the foreign investment is not only beneficial to the technology progress but also improve the environmental welfare of the host country by importing eco-friendly technologies and products. In order to confirm if there is “pollution-haven hypothesis” in China, many domestic studies were carried out. Xia youfu (1999) proved the pollution tendency the foreign investment using the data of the Third National Industrial Census. Pan and Yu (2005) carried out causality test about the foreign investment and pollution and found the increasing foreign investment is one reason of the worsening environmental pollution. But Jiang xiaojuan (2007) gave evidence that foreign investment didn’t concentrate in the industries that affected the resources and environment extremely There is no unanimous conclusion about the relation between the foreign investment and environmental pollut ion of the host country. We will study the relat ionship in Shandong next two parts and give the conclusion in the end.

From the two indexes analyzed above, we know the foreign investment is not concentrated in the pollution-intensive industries, the industry structure of foreign investment is more reasonable and advanced to the whole industry structure of Shandong. So we can’t give evidence that the foreign investment has more negative effect on the environment than domestic enterprises in Shandong. Zhong xin (2010) has compared the efficiency of foreign invested industrial enterprises with domestic enterprises in Shandong, and come into conclusion that the former’s efficiency is higher than the latter as a whole. The foreign invested enterprises outclass the domestic enterprises on the index of technology progress. The more reasonable industry distribution and advanced technology can make us reach the initial conclusion that the foreign investment isn’t the main pollution sources. To some extent, foreign invested enterprises can promote the technology progress and resource utilizat ion efficiency of domestic enterprises through technology spillover, then reduce the pollutant emission level and change the worsening tendency of environmental quality.