اصلاح رفلکس وحشت زدگی در یک جامعه نمونه: انجام یک یا دو بعد اختلالات فکری و روانی زمینه پردازش عاطفی؟

Recent research on psychopathy has begun to explore two dimensions that possibly underlie psychopathy–one related more to emotional and interpersonal traits, and another related more to antisocial behaviors. A community sample of adults was assessed for psychopathy using Hare's (1991) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Eyeblinks elicited by startle probes were recorded while participants viewed pictures of emotionally-laden stimuli. Consistent with previous research, participants scoring high on PCL-R Factor 2 (“antisocial”) showed no affective modification of startle if they also scored high on PCL-R Factor 1 (“emotional detachment”). When the factor scores were analyzed together as continuous variables in a regression analysis, however, affective modification of startle was negatively related to Factor 1 but positively related to Factor 2. The results thus provide further support for a two-factor model of psychopathy.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder distinguished by distinct emotional and interpersonal traits and deviant social behaviors. Recent empirical and conceptual work has made use of Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; 1991), a 20-item measure that has a two-factor solution. Factor 1 measures core personality traits associated with psychopathy, such as grandiosity, glibness, and a lack of empathy, whereas Factor 2 measures more self-defeating and antisocial behaviors, such as poor behavioral controls, juvenile delinquency, and irresponsibility. Patrick, Bradley, and Lang (1993) have labeled Factor 1 “emotional detachment” and Factor 2 “antisocial behavior.” Others have argued that the two factors appear to map onto the distinction Karpman (1941) made between primary and secondary psychopaths (McHoskey, Worzel, & Szyarto, 1998).