چرا تعداد کمی از زنان در نیویورک کار میکنند (و بسیاری در مینیاپولیس)؟ عرضه نیروی کار زنان متاهل در سراسر شهرستانهای ایالات متحده

This paper documents a little-noticed feature of US labor markets—very large variation in the labor supply of married women across cities. We focus on cross-city differences in commuting times as a potential explanation for this variation. We start with a model in which commuting times introduce non-convexities into the budget set. Empirical evidence is consistent with the model’s predictions: Labor force participation rates of married women are negatively correlated with the metropolitan area commuting time. Also, metropolitan areas with larger increases in average commuting time in 1980–2000 had slower growth in the labor force participation of married women.