تخمین بهره وری کل عوامل چین توسط منطقه، منابع سرمایه گذاری و مالکیت

This paper constructs China national and provincial physical capital and human capital for the period 1984–2006. The estimation of physical capital is extended to the use of sources of fund and ownership of fund. The growth accounting framework is used to calculate the output, input and total factor productivity growth rates. The relative variance method is used to compare the relative importance to output growth by input growth and productivity growth. The empirical findings show that although output growth in post-reform China has been contributed much by growth in total factor productivity, output volatility has relied more on input growth, and TFP growth has not been supported by complementary changes. There are regional differences when looking at the performance of individual growth rates.

Empirical studies on the economic growth and total factor productivity (TFP) in the Asian economies by Young, 1989, Young, 1993 and Young, 1995, Krugman (1994) and Kim and Lau (1994) have argued that economic growth has been contributed more by growth in capital inputs than growth in TFP. Since China's economic reform in 1978, China has experienced a two-digit economic growth rate in most years. Studies by Borensztein and Ostry (1996), Chow and Li (2002) and Bosworth and Collins (2008) have shown that China has achieved an average annual TFP growth rate of about 3%. However, both Demurger (2001) and Young's (2000) “Stories” on China's post-reform economic growth has pointed to the lack of system change that includes, for example, distortion in relative prices and central control that have led to economic rents maintained by favored regions. Other studies have compared China's economic growth and TFP growth performance with other Asian economies (Wu, 2000 and Wu, 2004).

By extending the construction of macroeconomic data on output, physical capital, human capital for the post-reform China economy to 2006, this paper firstly uses the growth accounting approach to estimate the growth of TFP in China, and shows the institutional and ownership structure of China's physical capital. Despite the rapid growth in foreign investment and non-state investment activities, state ownership still occupies the lion share in physical capital. One can argue that in the poorer Western and Central regions, state capital, especially those geared to infrastructure development, is needed to alleviate the growing gap with the more prosperous coastal provinces. Foreign investment funds, especially from HMTO, have shown a much larger average growth rate than other sources and forms of ownership.