طراحی بهینه و بهره برداری از سیستم های توزیع انرژی و بررسی کاربرد آن در بخش مسکونی یونان

This work presents an optimisation based approach for the integrated plan and evaluation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) systems. The mathematical model takes into account site energy loads, local climate data, utility tariff structure, characteristics of the candidate DER technologies (technical and financial) as well as geographical aspects. The optimal integrated DER system is selected by minimising the total energy cost while guaranteeing reliable system operation. As an illustrative example, we consider a neighbourhood in Athens (Greece), where several options for satisfying its electricity and heat demands are investigated. The adoption of DER technologies combined with a heating pipeline network and a microgrid is examined.

Increasing concern regarding the depletion of fossil energy resources and the pollution of the environment, as well as the interest in on-site power generation, so as to minimise the energy losses when referring to centralised generation, has increased the importance of developing high efficiency energy generation techniques, known as distributed energy resources (DER) [1]. DER means small scale electric generation units located within the electric distribution system at or near the end-users. It is usually considered to be constructed aiming at utilising local energy resources and establishing local energy storage. Compared with traditional central energy supply, DER system can employ a wide range of technologies including: combined heat and power plants (CHP), photovoltaic systems (PV), small scale wind turbines and other systems using renewable energy resources [2]. Huang et al. [3] provided a comprehensive review of the current status of various DER technologies and discussed their operation and market environment. Carley [4] has investigated the motivators of DER adoption and the corresponding promotion policies.

In this paper, an MILP model has been proposed for the plan and evaluation of distributed energy systems. Besides determining the optimal combination and allocation of DER technologies and their operation strategies, the economic and environmental impacts are also discussed. Based on electricity and heat demands of each building, their distances, technical and economical characteristics of the DER technologies and electricity and gas tariff rates, the optimisation model determines the optimal mix of DER technologies, their locations and capacities, the operation strategies, the pipeline links between the buildings and the possible installation of a microgrid so as to minimise the total annualised cost of satisfying heating and power requirements of the neighbourhood. As an illustrative example, the optimal DER system of a neighbourhood of five buildings, in Athens (Greece) is examined under different scenarios, thus demonstrating the applicability of the proposed optimisation based approach. Future work will focus on the detailed approach of the heating pipeline network, as well as on the installation of a trigeneration plant for the satisfaction of the cooling load through absorption chillers.