از OPIMA تا MPEG IPMP-X: تاریخچه استاندارد در سراسر پروژه های تحقیق و توسعه

This paper describes the work performed by a number of companies and universities who have been working as a consortium under the umbrella of the European Union Framework Programme 5 (FP5), Information Society Technologies (IST) research program, in order to provide a set of Digital Rights Management (DRM) technologies and architectures, aiming at helping to reduce the copyright circumvention risks, that have been threatening the music and film industries in their transition from the “analogue” to “digital” age. The paper starts by addressing some of the earlier standardization efforts in the DRM arena, namely, Open Platform Initiative for Multimedia Access (OPIMA). One of the described FP5 IST projects, Open Components for Controlled Access to Multimedia Material (OCCAMM), has developed the OPIMA vision. The paper addresses also the Motion Pictures Expert Group—MPEG DRM work, starting from the MPEG Intellectual Propriety Management and Protection—IPMP “Hooks”, towards the MPEG IPMP Extensions, which has originated the first DRM-related standard (MPEG-4 Part 13, called IPMP Extensions or IPMP-X) ever released by ISO up to the present days.2 The paper clarifies how the FP5 IST project MPEG Open Security for Embedded Systems (MOSES), has extended the OPIMA interfaces and architecture to achieve compliance with the MPEG IPMP-X standard, and how it has contributed to the achievement of “consensus” and to the specification, implementation (Reference Software) and validation (Conformance Testing) of the MPEG IPMP-X standard.

This paper describes the work performed by a number of companies and universities who have been working as a consortium under the umbrella of the European Union Framework Programme 5 (FP5), Information Society Technologies (IST) research program, in order to provide a set of Digital Rights Management (DRM) technologies and architectures, aiming at helping to reduce the copyright circumvention risks, that have been threatening the music and film industries in their transition from the “analogue” to “digital” age. The paper starts by addressing some of the earlier standardization efforts in the DRM arena, namely, Open Platform Initiative for Multimedia Access (OPIMA). One of the described FP5 IST projects, Open Components for Controlled Access to Multimedia Material (OCCAMM), has developed the OPIMA vision. The paper addresses also the Motion Pictures Expert Group—MPEG DRM work, starting from the MPEG Intellectual Propriety Management and Protection—IPMP “Hooks”, towards the MPEG IPMP Extensions, which has originated the first DRM-related standard (MPEG-4 Part 13, called IPMP Extensions or IPMP-X) ever released by ISO up to the present days.2 The paper clarifies how the FP5 IST project MPEG Open Security for Embedded Systems (MOSES), has extended the OPIMA interfaces and architecture to achieve compliance with the MPEG IPMP-X standard, and how it has contributed to the achievement of “consensus” and to the specification, implementation (Reference Software) and validation (Conformance Testing) of the MPEG IPMP-X standard.

The present document provided an overview of the evolution of the standardization work related to copyright protection of digital content and DRM, starting from OPIMA, through ISO MPEG IPMP “Hooks”, towards the development of the ISO MPEG IPMP-X standard. Two European IST FP5 R&D projects—OCCAMM and MOSES were introduced, which have been working inline with the standardization bodies, such as MPEG. The paper explained how strong and important is the symbiotic relation between standardization efforts and public European funding of clearly focused R&D programmes. We have shown that IST OCCAMM and MOSES have provided a significant contribution, both in terms of knowledge and technological products, which will eventually help to strengthen the European presence in the digital content market. The authors believe that market actors should harness the ability inherent in DRM of not just preventing unauthorized uses but also of enabling new business models in service and content provision. The content and distribution sectors have begun to experiment with new distribution, pricing and revenue models and will eventually settle on the ones best suited for mass-market consumption of protected content over connected devices and networks. Interoperability of media solutions (formats and DRM), from multiple vendors, needs to be achieved so that users can rely on the assumption of being able to consume the services and content they may choose, from the CE equipment available to them. All the industry sectors agree that industry-led standards-based solutions offer what is seen as the best eventual outcome, but standards take time to develop and implement. It is important that DRM ensures and enhances consumer choice and competition. Therefore, the European Commission should continue to foster deployment of open standards [14] by continuing to support the work of MPEG, OMA, DVB and perhaps most importantly, the work by DMP [5], [11], [35] and [53] being the last hope of digital media consumers [8] world-wide to break the currently offered “walled gardens”, while blossoming horizontal and interoperable markets of digital media and other relevant standards bodies and appropriate fora through European Collaborative R&D programmes. Possible options for further consideration may include: