موجودی منابع بازنشستگی: ساخت و ساز، ساختار عاملی و ویژگی های روان سنجی

The scientific investigation of the relationship between resources and retirement well-being is impeded by the lack of proper measurement of resources. This study reports on the development of an inventory that assesses resources relevant to retirement well-being. The 35-item Retirement Resources Inventory (RRI) is a self-report measure consisting of three factors. The RRI was extensively evaluated in a sample of 267 Australian retirees aged 50 years or above. In general, the three subscales of the RRI were shown to possess good internal consistency (0.81–0.89) and test–retest reliability (0.83–0.88) within a one-month interval. Retirement resources, as assessed by the RRI, significantly accounted for additional variance in both retirement satisfaction (16%) and retirement adjustment (22%) above and beyond that explained by demographic variables. More importantly, results from cross-lagged panel analysis indicated that retirement resources predicted retirement well-being rather than the reverse. Findings from the current study provide strong support for the resource perspective, which proposes that resources are critical to well-being in retirement. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for retirement planning and designing retirement interventions are discussed.

Retirement has the potential to be a stressful life transition in late adulthood, often inducing a wide range of significant changes such as a loss of stable income, detachment from colleagues at work and an increase in unstructured time. Although the vast majority gradually become and are well-adjusted to the changes in the retirement phase, a significant number of retirees still suffer from poor adjustment and well-being (Pinquart and Schindler, 2007 and Wang, 2007). The problem of poor retirement well-being amplifies as more baby boomers enter the retirement phase. It is clear that greater efforts are needed in identifying and promoting the antecedents of retirement well-being. Amongst the numerous variables impacting on retirement well-being, resources stand out as a crucial variable generating research interest in more recent years (e.g., Kubicek et al., 2011, Wang, 2007, Wang et al., 2011 and Wang and Shultz, 2010). Whilst the resource perspective is gaining momentum, due mainly to its flexibility in accommodating changes to well-being, its proximal distance to well-being (Wang et al., 2011), and its potential for convenient measurement, there is currently inadequate empirical evidence to support this theoretical perspective. By developing a comprehensive measure of resources that pertain to retirement well-being, we hope to test the key hypotheses underlying the resource perspective and promote its future use.