خودارائه گری و تعلق در فیس بوک: چگونه شخصیت استفاده از رسانه های اجتماعی و انگیزه را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد

Abstract The present study examined the relationship between the Big Five and the use of Facebook to fulfill belonging and self-presentational needs. One hundred and eighty four undergraduates completed a survey assessing personality and Facebook behaviors and motivations. High agreeableness and neuroticism were the best predictors of belongingness-related behaviors and motivations. Extraversion was associated with more frequent use of Facebook to communicate with others. Self-presentational behaviors and motivations were best predicted by low conscientiousness and high neuroticism. Results suggest that conscientious individuals are cautious in their online self-presentation. Neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion were positively associated with the tendency to express one’s actual self. Neuroticism was positively associated with the expression of ideal and hidden self-aspects. The motivation to express these self-aspects mediated the relationship between neuroticism and self-disclosure

1. Introduction The Internet has had a major impact on social life (see Bargh & McKenna, 2004 for review). In 2010, 61% of American adults used social networking websites (SNS) (Zickuhr, 2010). Facebook is the most popular SNS (Jain, 2010) with over one billion users (Facebook, 2012). Recently, social scientists have begun studying Facebook, examining demographic characteristics of users; motivations for use, self-presentation, and social interactions (see Wilson, Gosling, & Graham, 2012 for review). Some studies have examined how personality relates to Facebook use (Amichai-Hamburger and Vinitzky, 2010, Moore and McElroy, 2012 and Ross et al., 2009). According to Nadkarni and Hofmann’s (2012) dual-factor model, Facebook use is motivated by two needs: belonging and self-presentation. The current research integrates these approaches, using the dual-factor model to examine how personality influences motivations to use Facebook to fulfill these two needs.

6. Conclusions The present study examined the relationship between the Big Five and the use of Facebook to fulfill belonging and self-presentational needs. High agreeableness and neuroticism were the best predictors of belongingness. Belongingness motivations are strong in agreeable individuals and these results suggest that Facebook is one tool by which they meet these needs. Neurotic individuals often have social difficulties; thus Facebook may be a way for them to meet belongingness needs not sufficiently met offline. High neuroticism and low conscientiousness were the best predictors of self-presentation. Conscientious individuals are cautious in their online self-presentations. Neurotic individuals may use Facebook as a safe place for self presentation, including hidden and ideal self-aspects. Mediational analyses suggest that the opportunity to express these self-aspects motivates the greater use of Facebook as a tool for personal disclosure. The current findings show that focusing on motivations for Facebook use, rather than frequency of specific behaviors, may aid in understanding the relationship between personality and Facebook use. In the present study, conscientiousness and agreeableness were generally better predictors of motivations than behaviors. In addition, in many cases, motivations mediated the relationship between personality and behavior. Past research on personality and Facebook use has often yielded mixed findings. In part this may be due to the inherent weaknesses of self-report, but it may also be due to the limitations of focusing solely on behavior. Future research should continue to examine motivational variables and behaviors may need to be assessed in a variety of ways, including focusing on the specific content of posts, rather than just the frequency of objective behavioral measures. A major limitation of this work is reliance on self-report. However, many of the variables assessed in the present study were subjective. Another limitation of the current research is that the dependent measures were created for the purpose of this study and thus their reliability and validity are not well-established. The present research extends past work on the Big Five and Facebook by examining their relationship within the simpler theoretical framework of belonging and self-presentation proposed by Nadkarni and Hofmann (2012). This categorization may be especially useful in understanding how certain traits are linked to Facebook use. For example, agreeable individuals appear to be more motivated by belonging than self-presentational needs. Neurotic individuals, on the other hand, appear to be more motivated by self-presentational needs, particularly the need to express different facets of the self. Thus, the current findings support the notion that these two motivations are important in understanding the relationship between personality and Facebook use.