مدل سه بعدی سه گانه یک گام اساسی برای محدوده قیمت گذاری گزینه های اروپایی است. روش جدید روش شناسی

We offer a new simple approach to price European options in incomplete markets using the sole no-arbitrage principle and this only requires to make use of a one-period model; introducing a stochastic process is unnecessary. We show that determining the range of arbitrage-free prices with a trinomial model only consists in locating two points on a triangle. As this range of prices may be lower than the classical ones, the parameters of the model can be implied from the quoted bid and ask prices of liquid European options, used in turn to estimate the volatility bounds. A simple example is provided using options on the S & P 500.