نقش اسکیزوتایپی و خلاقیت در یک کار گروهی حل مسئله

The well-studied link between psychotic traits and creativity is a subject of much debate. The present study investigated the extent to which schizotypic personality traits – as measured by O-LIFE (Oxford–Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences) – equip healthy individuals to engage as groups in everyday tasks. From a sample of 69 students, eight groups of four participants – comprised of high, medium, or low-schizotypy individuals – were assembled to work as a team to complete a creative problem-solving task. Predictably, high scorers on the O-LIFE formulated a greater number of strategies to solve the task, indicative of creative divergent thinking. However, for task success (as measured by time taken to complete the problem) an inverted U shaped pattern emerged, whereby high and low-schizotypy groups were consistently faster than medium schizotypy groups. Intriguing data emerged concerning leadership within the groups, and other tangential findings relating to anxiety, competition and motivation were explored. These findings challenge the traditional cliché that psychotic personality traits are linearly related to creative performance, and suggest that the nature of the problem determines which thinking styles are optimally equipped to solve it.

Nash, van Gogh, Joyce, Byron: all famed as much for the eccentricities of their lifestyles as for the calibre of their creative output. That these two characteristics should so markedly coexist within the same individual comes as no surprise; indeed in addition to the overwhelming body of anecdotal evidence (e.g. Andreasen, 1987, Jamison, 1989, Jamison, 1993, Ludwig, 1995 and Post, 1994) there now exists a large corpus of quantitative data. The notion that psychotic traits can be identified – and measured accurately – in healthy individuals has also gained acceptance, and there is considerable past and current research relating these characteristics to creativity (Burch et al., 2006, Eysenck, 1995, Prentky, 1980, Prentky, 1989 and Woody and Claridge, 1977). However, whereas previous studies have examined individual performance with conventional creativity measures (e.g. divergent thinking tasks) we set out to explore this relationship in a ‘real-life’ setting by using a creative Group Problem-Solving (GPS) exercise.