دانلود مقاله ISI انگلیسی شماره 32127
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله

امکان افزایش دانش و اعتماد به نفس در خلاقیت: بررسی آزمایشی یک کارگاه اسکمپر سه ساعته در دانش آموزان متوسطه

عنوان انگلیسی
The feasibility of enhancement of knowledge and self-confidence in creativity: A pilot study of a three-hour SCAMPER workshop on secondary students
کد مقاله سال انتشار تعداد صفحات مقاله انگلیسی
32127 2014 9 صفحه PDF
منبع

Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)

Journal : Thinking Skills and Creativity, Volume 14, December 2014, Pages 32–40

ترجمه کلمات کلیدی
- خلاقیت - آموزش های کوتاه مدت -
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی
Creativity; Short-term training; SCAMPER
پیش نمایش مقاله
پیش نمایش مقاله  امکان افزایش دانش و اعتماد به نفس در خلاقیت: بررسی آزمایشی یک کارگاه اسکمپر سه ساعته در دانش آموزان متوسطه

چکیده انگلیسی

This article presents the design and implementation of a three-hour creative thinking workshop as a framework for practitioners to design their own short creativity programs. The workshop incorporated several components known to facilitate creative thinking: an encouraging environment, opportunities for exploration and presentation, psychological safety, content knowledge, and creative thinking skills. The SCAMPER techniques were introduced to 74 senior secondary students. Feedback from students indicates satisfaction with the workshop and enjoyment of creativity-enhancing workshop components. Students’ comments on their favorite workshop stages and stages in need of improvement shed light on how the workshop can be improved. The experience of running this workshop provides practical information on designing short-term creativity programs and can hopefully inspire practitioners to promote creative thinking when long-term training is not possible.

مقدمه انگلیسی

Recent years have seen increased interest and emphasis in creative education in various countries around the world (Craft, 2006, Lin, 2011, Shaheen, 2010 and Smears et al., 2011) as educators recognized the importance of nurturing students’ creativity (Craft, 2006 and Laius and Rannikmäe, 2011). Some have even suggested creativity as a survival skill required for the 21st century (Craft, 2006). Indeed, being creative is beneficial to individuals as well as to society as a whole. At the individual level, people need to be creative in order to solve problems encountered at work and in everyday life (Sternberg & Lubart, 1996). As Sir Ken Robinson explained in an interview (Azzam, 2009), the world has become more unpredictable than ever with many pressing problems to be solved. For a person to cope with uncertainty and to meet the demands of the constantly changing and increasingly complex world, the utilization of one's creativity is required (Gardner, 1999, Shaheen, 2010 and Smears et al., 2011). To the society at large, creativity also brings numerous benefits in the forms of “new scientific findings, new movements in art, new inventions, and new social programs” (Sternberg & Lubart, 1996, p. 678). Moreover, being creative as a society can lead to economic achievement and help the society stay competitive (Shaheen, 2010). Given the many advantages of being creative, it comes as no surprise that practitioners have become interested in promoting creative thinking in education. The problem, however, is that despite recognizing the need for creative education, teachers may not know how to incorporate creative education into their classrooms while still making sure they have enough time to prepare students for tests and assessments (Longo, 2010). This paper hopes to help these practitioners who have limited time but still want to help promote creative thinking in their students. In this paper, the design and implementation of a three-hour creative thinking workshop for senior secondary students is described. The workshop used the SCAMPER creative thinking techniques, which represents a group of nine techniques: substitute, combine, adapt, modify, magnify, put to other uses, eliminate or minify, reverse, and rearrange (Michalko, 1991). While the SCAMPER techniques were taught in this workshop, it is believed that the choice of creative thinking techniques does not matter; the presentation of creative thinking techniques plays more crucial roles in the learning of creative thinking skills. Thus, factors known to facilitate creative thinking, which were incorporated into the workshop, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, student comments about the workshop were analyzed to identify areas of improvement. Given the scarce amount of literature describing the design and implementation of short creativity programs, it is hoped that this workshop will shed light on how creative workshops can be run in limited time with few resources and encourage practitioners to promote creative thinking even in face of limitations. Before details of the workshop are discussed, it is worthy to mention to practitioners that creativity can be taught. Most educators and psychologists think that all individuals possess some degree of creativeness, and their creative potential can be enhanced. Everyone is born with a natural creative ability (Esquivel, 1995, Guilford, 1950 and Lin, 2011). Actually, children are “naturally creative, open to experience, and tend to be attracted by novel things” (Lin, 2011, p. 151). However, if the environment around them is unsupportive of creative expression, their creative tendency may reduce over time (Lin, 2011). This environmental influence is one of the reasons why the degree of creativeness and frequency of creative acts among individuals vary (Guilford, 1950). Still, there is hope for everyone to reach their creative potential. Because the process of creative thinking involves ordinary cognitive processes, every person has the ability to learn to be creative (Simonton, 2000).