انسجام، سبک بین فردی مربی و نیازهای روانشناختی: اثر آن روی حق تعیین سرنوشت و رفاه ذهنی ورزشکاران

Goal The goal of this study was to test the impact of cohesiveness and coaches' controlling interpersonal style on athletes' perceptions of autonomy, competence and relatedness. A contextual motivation sequence [Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 29 (pp. 271–360). New York: Academic Press.] was tested whereby social factors supporting the satisfaction of basic needs would increase the level of sport self-determination, which in turn, should predict subjective well-being in athletes. Method The proposed sequence was tested with 197 basketball players using structural equation modeling. The hypothesized model was supported. Results Perceptions of cohesiveness positively predicted the satisfaction of the basic needs. Perceptions of coaches' controlling interpersonal style negatively impacted feelings of autonomy. In turn, psychological needs predicted self-determination in sports ensuing greater sport satisfaction and positive emotions in sports. Tests of indirect effects also supported the mediating role of psychological needs and self-determination. Conclusion Results are discussed in light of the different types of motivational antecedents and their influence on the psychological needs.

Participating in sports has been found to provide a number of opportunities ranging from physical activity, personal and social development, as well as psychological well-being (Moore & Werch, 2005). Different social factors susceptible to encourage the motivation to participate in sports activities have been identified. Parents have been shown to play an important role. As well, the coach's approach has a direct impact on athletes' motivation. A social factor that has been less studied pertains to the team dimension. With respect to team sport, an athlete's feeling that he and his team are aiming to reach the same goals, and the feeling that they are united and cohesive in this endeavour would appear to be an important determinant of motivation. Thus, the main purpose of this study will be to test a new motivational determinant, namely, team cohesiveness, and its role in the sequence whereby social factors impact psychological need satisfaction, self-determination, and subjective well-being (Vallerand, 1997). More specifically, the role of cohesiveness and the coach's interpersonal style were tested to predict the three psychological needs in a sample of basketball players. Fulfillment of the psychological needs should lead to more self-determination in sports, which in turn should predict subjective well-being in the sport domain.