مقایسه تجربی اسپرد قیمت خرید و فروش نقلی و ضمنی درباره قراردادهای آتی

This paper investigates the performance of a range of alternative measures of quoted and implied bid–ask spreads on futures contracts, using a complete record of all quotes and trades. Accurate calibration of bid–ask spreads is important for many applications, including tests of market efficiency and assessment of market microstructure models. The results show that the transactions based spread measures are biased estimates of quoted and effective spreads, which illustrates the need for considered implementation of such measures. Similar intraday behaviour is shown by the different measures, with wide spreads at the open and narrow spreads at the close under a competing market maker environment.