تأثیر سیاست ها و یارانه ها در کسب و کار کشاورزی: مورد روغن نخل و سوخت های زیستی در کلمبیا

Subsidies need to be complemented by increased blending mandates to ensure that palm cultivation and production of biodiesel investments are profitable enough that producers would bet on such business. Additionally, we find that producers of palm oil benefit most from subsidies in the short term; however, in the long-term it is the biodiesel entrepreneurs who will appropriate the larger share of growth revenue of the entire production chain. The social costs of the Biofuels Program are small in the short term, and represent only between 0.2% and 0.7% of the tax expenditure. However, in the long term they would become significant, and would account for around 4.1% to 6.1% of the tax payers' expense.