همکاری های چند جانبه اتحادیه اروپا در زمینه های سیاست های تجاری، اتحادیه های گمرکی و موافقتنامه های تجارت آزاد، تجزیه و تحلیل SWOT تطبیقی صنایع خودرو ترکیه و کره جنوبی

The foreign trade policies of the states may vary depending on the circumstances in the globalizing world economy. The states which seek to take advantage of the global economy by increasing the size of the foreign trade volume create regional and non-regional trade blocs. The European Union (EU), in consideration of the political and economic developments in respect to the Customs Union that it had paid attention to in the 1990s, revised its trade liberalization policies and moved from the CU to the free trade agreements (FTA). The change in the trade policies in the EU concerns developing economies including Turkey and South Korea. The automotive sector is the sixth largest sector in the world. This industry is one of the most important export areas of developing countries like Turkey and South Korea which seek to improve their welfare by adopting export-based development model. In 1996, Turkey made a trade liberalization agreement with the EU, and South Korea in 2010, to reduce the tariff rates in the field of industrial products. For both countries, the level of influence upon the exports in automotive sectors by the trade liberalization policies holds great importance for the future of the national economies. This study wants to offer some SWOT analyses pf the agreements signed with the EU on the automotive sectors of the two countries.

Globalization forces the countries in the world to integrate with the global economy; in consideration of this new tendency, the states take measures to reduce trade barriers including tariffs, import tax and other protectionist tools. Economic integrations are trad e blocs that the countries seeking to improve their welfare would not remain indifferent to. The GATT, signed by a number of countries in 1947, was converted into the WTO in 1994 to minimize the trade barriers before the trade conflicts and trade liberalizations in the international arena; it is the largest and most important current trade integration agreement and organization seeking to improve the trade relations between the member countries.See Appendix A.The contribution of the reduction of the existent tariffs with the trade partners upon welfare holds importance for the determination of the trade policies. Change in the tariff rates may lead to a number of internal and external economic developments. The CU agreement signed between Turkey and theEU in 1996, as well as the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement which entered into force in 2011 reveal the impacts of the moves spelled out in these agreements upon the automotive industries of these two countries; these agreements underline the dynamism of these sectors, increase the share of these nations in foreign trade and the economic growth rates. For this reason, drafting of policies and strategies that would ensure healthy growth of the sectors in these two countries is of great importance.

The global economic crisis is still influential within the EU and many member states still fail to maintain financial stability as well as political stability. For this reason, recession is still influential in many EU markets; as a result, the economic growth rate is expected to remain low in these countries in 2012. This strongly affects the countries with visible economic ties with the EU as well. Because of the CU agreement signed in 1996, Turkey is still one of the strongest trade partners of the EU. For this reason, in conjunction with any economic problem within the Union, decline in the demand may be observed; and this may affect exports as well. It is also possible that the political instability in the neighboring countries and the Middle East states woul d affect Turkey which is trying to preserve its economic and political stability. Even though automotive sector holds a lion share in the national economy, Turkey is not a leading manufacturer in the world. The negative impact of the recession within the EU upon the sector exports is not expected to take place because of the low currency rate and targeting low cost passenger car consumers. The Turkish automotive sector is resistant against the financial crises out of the experience in conne ction with the financial crises in 1990s and 2000s.However, the FTA signed between South Korea and the EU would have some effects after a process of harmonization; the impacts would be visible in the state of competitiveness and size of the market because the EU manufacturers appeal to the same potential customers. The most important outcome of the FTA between the EU and South Korea is the removal of the tariffs; this would minimize the profit margins for the producers. Unless proper measures are taken, the Turkish automotive sector may face serious problems like those experienced in the 1990s. For South Korea, while the EU is an important market, the sector will not be affected by the financial crisis within the EU owing to the FTAs with the US, Japan and other Asian countries.