بررسی SWOT پوتنسی ارتباطات برای تعیین برنامه ریزی استراتژیک برای مدیریت بحران فعالیت آتشفشان (مطالعه موردی در کانگ کرینگان، استان یوگیاکارتا)

Disaster is an event that cause people loss their life, properties, resources and also give a phycological impact. Disaster is divided into two types. The first type is natural disaster and the second type is man-made disater. One of the natural disaster in Indonesia is volcano eruption. Indonesia has a lot of active volcano and one of the most active is Merapi Volcano which located in Yogyakarta Province. In the late of October 2010, Merapi Volcano has a fairly large eruption continued with the emerge of lava flow. This disaster left at least 165 people dead and there are 225.000 people have to be evacuated. Merapi eruption disaster shows the importance of disaster management in saving people's life. Disaster management is not only a government's obligation but it is also the obligation of the community. Community-based disaster management in the region of Merapi Volcano becomes the most important tool that have to be developed. Community has a good local knowledge of the region so that the disaster management conducted by the local community will be more efective and eficient. This research's aim is to analyze the SWOT factors (Strengths - Weakness - Opportunities - Threats) of the local community to determine the internal and external factors that exist in the community. These internal and external factors can be analyzed and developed to provide a strategic planning of disaster management system in accordance with the conditions of the surrounding community in Merapi Volcano region.

Merapi Volcano is one octive volcanoes. It contains an active lava dome which regularly produces pyroclastic flows and it has produced more pyroclastic flows than any other volcano in the world so it will be very dangerous for the people who live in Merapi Slope when the eruption occurs. Eruptions occur at interval of 1-5 years. Volcanoes deal out overwhelming doses of energy that no human can survive. Mount Merapi is one of the active volcanoes. Direction of the eruption of Mount Merapialways changing. Since 1961 eruption of Merapi direction leads to the southwest toward the headwaters and streams Kali Senowo. The next eruption occurred in 1986,1992,1994,1997, 2001 and 2006. After the activity of Merapi eruption in 2006, the opening crater turns to the southeast and east so that the flow of hot lava and hot clouds toward Kali Gendol and Kali Opak in Sleman. Sediment yield eruption upstream Gendol and opaque 3.5 million m3and Gendol river basins in raidus 6km from the summit largely been filled with volcanic deposits cause cold lava flood threat increases. Avalanche of the lava dome at the summit with heavy rains would trigger a flood of cold lava that has high destructive power.The existence of communities living and residing in the slopes of Merapi, such as in Cangkringan is a distinct danger to the people itself. The area is a dangerous zone and often become the worst affected zone when Merapi eruption occurs. Cangkringan is one of the most dangerous zone of Merapi eruption , so it is not surprising that the highest number of Merapi eruption victims comes from this area. Based on the observation, there are five village in Cangkringan that affected the direct impact of Merapi erution. Those village ar e Kepuharjo, Umbulharjo, Wukirsari, Agromulyo dan Glagaharjo. The number of victims affected by the er uption of Merapi in Cangkringan district caused by an inaccuracies in the data about peta KRB-Kawasan Rawan Bencana (disaster-prone-area-map) which made by the government. The existing KRB map is no longer considered within the condition of Cangkringan theritory today, in addition to the intensity of the larger eruptions also affect the level of inaccuracies of the existing KRB map. Merapi eruption in 2010 occurred at night, making people difficult to save themselves. Most of the people were home and asleep when the eruption occurred despite the fact that evacuation routes have been provided by the government but because of the eruption happened so quickly so it makes people panic. When Merapi eruption occurs, the cold lava flood participate out of peak trim and flowing in the rivers around Mount Merapi and caused 3023 houses have to be relocated. The victims whose houses were destroyed by the impact of the eruption are given temporary shelters made by the government in the safer location and outside the hazardous zone of Merapi

The main problem in organizing the community-based disaster management is an effective coordination and communication between local government and local communities. The government must be able to provide good socialization and a good persuasive understanding in explaining the danger of Merapi eruption faced by the co mmunity then the programs implem ented by the government are going to be effective, such as simulation of disaster mitigation process conducted in their spare time so that people do not have to leave their jobs and can follow the simulation of disaster mitigation. Additionally, evacuation and shelter facilities also need to be considered in order help the society in providing their need and have a healthy life even in disaster conditions. Optimization of existing facilities and infrastructure should also be made so that the rescue planning can be well-implemented. For the development of the post-disaster, the provision of capita l and skills training need to be improved further so that people are not only act as producer only, but can also act as a distributor so that people can be more self-reliant in the development effort of their own business.