آیا برون سپاری فناوری اطلاعات، به شرکت ها ارزش اقتصادی می دهد؟

The question of whether or not IT outsourcing initiatives deliver economic value to firms is an important yet under examined one. This study extends extant outsourcing literature by evaluating how firm value is created through IT outsourcing. Using Porter’s Value Chain Model as the theoretical framework, the study systematically traces and measures the value added through IT outsourcing for firms in the manufacturing and retail industries. The results indicate that the effect of IT outsourcing is better detected at the intermediate process level rather than at the firm-level. Firms are able to realize economic benefits of cost savings, but less so in efficiency. Improved cost is observed in inbound logistics and supporting activities. With the exception of inbound logistics, no efficiency improvements are observed in operating activities and outbound logistics, suggesting that the positive impact of IT outsourcing is limited.

The purpose of this study is to stress the importance of the corporate social responsibility and to show how it is used as a tool to cope with the global economic crises in aviation industry. The global crises in 2008, the high fuel prices and mortgage crises, affect deeply the aviation industry same as in other industries. All over the world today, all industries try to deal with these crises through increasing their responsibilities to society and the environment comparing to the crises in 1930s to 1990s. Early in 21st century the sustainable development concept became popular both in production and service industry. For the economic and environmental sustainability of aviation industry all actors try to reach the fuel efficiency by aerodynamic designs, light material improvements and number of significant advances in engine design. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) will help to achieve the company’s long term strategic goals in social and economic benefits and decrease the significant environmental impacts. In order to manage successfully the global economic crises, the actors’ aim are to minimize costs and maximize revenues of companies in service and production processes with the prepared and implementedinnovative crises plans in aviation industry. While companies improving their business efficiency and reducing costs they became more sensitive to the future of human and the nature through CSR applications that help the companies managing the risks.

lso trying to satisfy the socially and environmentally conscious customers. Particularly in Europe, CSR applications and sensitivity of environmental issues have been increasing both in manufacturing and air travel field. There are various projects under the manufacturing area such as; manufacturing of engine parts for fuel efficiency, interchangeable smart designs, environmentally friendly engines (less noise and emission). Air carriers lead the industry to have number of the environmental projects by demanding the aircraft according to the European Union criteria resulting from the emissions trade. The increasing awareness and the demand for environmentally friendly activities make all the actors in aviation industry to focus on CSR projects voluntarily. Despite growing business usage of CSR, some commentators claim that little has been achieved in changing organizational practices, but TEI is not a good example for this hypothesis. This report examines current practices and future trends in CRS in TEI by interviews with directory of operations on their CSR implementations. TEI developed and implement procedures to prevent activities and conditions effecting employee’s health, safety and environment. TEI shapes its future with the high esteem it holds for the human being, with the employment it created and the investment it made. TEI’s human resource policy help to create