تجزیه و تحلیل خط مشی سیاست مدیریت و مزایای جامع کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی: مطالعه موردی در شهرستان پوجیانگ، چین

To solve the problems of the poverty in rural areas and raise the output efficiency of agriculture, policy is the primary factor. Guiding by good policies, the design of agricultural structure and management technology are the two main technical supports for agricultural development. The authors apply the model to determine the consequences of four so-called poverty alleviation strategies: (i) intensification of production, (ii) diversification of livestock production, (iii) land expansion, and (iv) an exit from agriculture, with a set of regional poverty and biodiversity indicators. Diversification seems to be the most promising poverty reduction strategy, but requires an efficient use of animal manure in cropping systems to avoid environmental problems. Improved nutrient management in cropping systems is effective in reducing the regional nitrogen surplus, but less effective in increasing per capita income. The exit strategy is beneficial for reducing poverty and achieving biodiversity goals, but may have important social consequences, which are not addressed in this study. Further reduction of rural poverty is hampered by labor constraints during the harvesting period of high value crops, such as vegetables and fruits, which calls for research and development in the field of agricultural mechanization.

To solve the problems of the poverty in rural areas and raise the output efficiency of agriculture, policy is the primary factor. Guiding by good polices, the design of agricultural structure and management technology will be two main technical supports for agricultural development (Xiao 2007; Chen L Y and Chen Y H 2007). The authors have used Pujiang County, in Zhejiang Province, China, as the area of case study for performing the analysis. Pujiang is characterized as a lowland ecosystem facing moderate prevalence of poverty (Dixon et al. 2001). In general, rice-based ecosystems are being challenged by simultaneous demands for increased productivity, contributing to poverty alleviation and reduced environmental impact. Diversification of agricultural production, for example, by including vegetable and livestock production, is considered as one of the means to increase the farmers’ income and improve food security (Hossain 1998). However, the consequences of wide-scale introduction of vegetables and livestock for the ecosystem are unknown, and may result in pollution (Pingali 2001). Technological innovations, such as, site-specific nutrient management(Dobermann et al. 2004) may improve productivity and environmental performance of these rice-based ecosystems simultaneously, but their effects on agricultural development still have to be fostered.This study is to identify the direction for rural development in Pujiang on the basis of four possible poverty reduction strategies (Dixon et al. 2001): (i) intensification of agricultural production, (ii) diversification of agricultural production, (iii) expansion of land area or herd size, and (iv) an exit from agriculture. In different scenarios, the consequences of these strategies for poverty and biodiversity indicators in Pujiang have been explored. The analysis of Pujiang’s agricultural development contributes to transparency in the debate on poverty alleviation and biodiversity preservation, in relation to the opportunities and limitations of agricultural development. The methodology applied in this study is based on integrated resource management and land use analysis (IRMLA) (Bouman et al. 1998; Roetter et al.2005).